Cold region soil hydrology and runoff processes

(1)尽管多年冻土在一年的大部分时间里都是冻结的，但令人惊讶的是，人们对这段时间内土壤中水分重新分布的过程知之甚少。有证据表明，越冬水运动强烈影响径流次年春天。将利用新设计的能够测量固态和液态水相的仪器，在育空地区、西北地区和一个气候变化实验设施进行实验，以确定在冰冻条件下控制水的重新分布的因素。这将是第一个收集冻土中冻结以下相变和水分运动实时数据的实验。数据将用于验证现有的数值模型，然后将用于检查阈值和条件，鼓励水分迁移冻土。

(1) Despite permafrost soils being frozen for the majority of the year, surprisingly little is known about the processes that act to redistribute water in the soil during this time. Evidence suggests that over-winter water movement strongly influences runoff the following spring. Using newly designed instruments capable of measuring solid and liquid water phases, experiments will be conducted in the Yukon, Northwest Territories and an experimental climate change facility to determine the factors that control the redistribution of water under freezing conditions. This will be the first experiment collecting real-time data of phase-change and water movement below freezing in permafrost soils. Data will be used to validate an existing numerical model, which will then be used to examine thresholds and conditions that encourage moisture migration in frozen soils.