Novel seismic strategies for monitoring fluid flow in C02 sequestration experiments and heavy-oil fields

加拿大拥有世界第二大已探明石油储量。不幸的是，这些储量主要由沥青砂组成，开采和精炼成本非常高。重油开采导致的二氧化碳排放量平均也是轻质油的三倍。因此，要以环境友好和可持续的方式对这些重油进行商业开采，需要制定适当的二氧化碳封存战略，以减少温室气体向大气的排放。然而，公众和政界不太可能接受二氧化碳封存，除非我们能够可靠地检测到储藏库内的流体迁移，最重要的是，能够检测到任何二氧化碳泄漏的存在。

Canada has the second largest proven oil reserves in the world. Unfortunately these reserves are predominantly composed of tar sands with very high extraction and refining costs. Heavy-oil exploitation leads also in average to three times larger CO2 emissions than lighter oils. Commercial exploitation of these heavy oils in an environmentally friendly and sustainable fashion therefore demands the development of suitable CO2 sequestration strategies in order to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Yet public and political acceptance of CO2 sequestration is unlikely unless we are able to detect fluid migration inside the storage reservoir reliably and most importantly the presence of any CO2 leakage.