Algorithms and models for distributed systems

在过去的40年里，计算机设备变得越来越小，越来越快。然而，现在我们正在接近基本的物理极限，这将阻止这些改进以同样的速度继续下去。在未来，获得更多计算能力的方式将是增加并行性：计算机代码将由许多“线程”同时协作执行，以解决单个问题。2005年，Sutter和Larus宣布了“并发革命”。他们写道，由于计算机架构从单处理器向多核处理器的转变，并发将在不久的将来开始在软件开发中发挥核心作用，多核处理器是专门为在单个芯片上运行多个线程而设计的。硬件行业已经开始在多核处理器的开发上投入大量资金。机器

For the past 40 years, computer equipment has been steadily growing smaller and faster. Now, however, we are approaching fundamental physical limits that will prevent these improvements from continuing at the same pace. In the future, the way to obtain more computational power will be increased parallelism: computer code will be executed by many "threads" simultaneously and cooperatively to solve a single problem. In 2005, Sutter and Larus announced the "concurrency revolution." They wrote that concurrency will start to play a central role in software development in the near future due to the shift in computer architecture from uniprocessors to multicore processors, which are designed specifically to run many threads on a single chip. The hardware industry has started to invest seriously in the development of multicore processors. Machines