Green wireless internet: architectures, protocols, applications, and implementations

在包括北方加拿大在内的世界许多地方，没有公用电网可用，使得由于不能为所需的通信基础设施供电，传统的互联网接入和诸如2G/3G的移动的通信技术可能无法部署。这些地区的通信和互联网接入不得不求助于卫星通信，就每美元的带宽而言，卫星通信是昂贵的，需要更高的功率，这意味着更短的设备寿命，以及相对昂贵且一般民众通常无法获得的专用设备。

In many parts of the world including Northern Canada, no utility grids are available so that conventional Internet access and mobile communications technologies such as 2G/3G may not be deployed due to the inability to power the required communications infrastructure. Communications and Internet access in these areas has to resort to satellites communications, which are expensive in terms of bandwidth per dollar, require higher power which translates to shorter device uptime, and specialized equipment that is relatively expensive and not commonly available to general population.