Renewable energy technologies for Canadian remote communities

在加拿大，84%的能源来自化石燃料；对于与世隔绝的偏远社区来说，化石燃料主要提供他们所有的能源需求。能源驱动因素--导致气候变化、石油峰值、环境排放、长期能源安全和可持续性的温室气体--要求我们的社会开发具有成本效益的技术，以利用可再生能源，大幅提高可再生能源在加拿大能源组合中的比例。整个研究旨在开发能够有效满足可再生能源的交通、供热和电力需求的新技术，以提高加拿大的可再生能源比率。发现号研究计划的重点是通过开发使用可再生能源的分布式技术来解决偏远社区的能源需求。将通过利用太阳能、生物质和有机残留物资源，为偏远社区研究一种新的技术方法。通过使用间接燃烧的微型涡轮机和水喷雾，理论上可以开发出一种能源系统，该系统将跟随偏远社区的电力负载，并利用间歇性太阳能、附近地区的生物质和有机废物产生的沼气。我们将首先开发一个详细的化学降解模型来模拟寒冷气候下的厌氧消化。该模型旨在最大限度地减少沼气池在寒冷偏远气候下运行时的加热和电力需求。然后，该方法将利用热力学优势，在间接燃烧的微型涡轮机的回热器之前和之后注入水时，使用新开发的混合布雷顿循环，当燃烧生物质或沼气时。然后，这个循环将被改造成集成到太阳能盘中，在太阳隔离值太低时用沼气从太阳能中产生电力，以补充循环。拟议中的研究计划的价值在于，通过减少化石燃料的消耗，让寒冷气候中的偏远社区变得自力更生和可持续，并将其经济建立在使用当地可再生能源的基础上。

In Canada 84% of our energy comes from fossil fuels; for isolated and remote communities, fossil fuels mostly provide all their energy needs. Energy drivers--greenhouse gases that lead to climate change, peak oil, environmental emissions, long term energy security and sustainability--require our society to develop technologies that are cost effective to harness renewable energy to substantially increase the percentage of renewable energy in our Canadian energy mix. The overall research is directed towards developing novel technologies that can effectively address transportation, heat, and electricity needs from renewable sources to increase the renewable energy ratio in Canada. The focus of this Discovery research program is designed to address the energy needs of remote communities by developing distributed technologies using renewable energy. A new technological approach will be investigated for remote communities by using solar, biomass and organic residues resources. By using an indirectly fired mircroturbine and water spray it is theoretically possible to develop an energy system that will follow the remote community electric load and utilize intermittent solar, biomass from nearby areas, and biogas produced from organic wastes. Anaerobic digestion in cold climates will be simulated by first developing a detail model for the chemical degradation. This model is intended to be used to minimize both heating and electrical power requirements for digesters operating in cold remote climates. The approach will then be to take thermodynamic advantages when injecting water before and after the recouperator in an indirect-fired mircroturbine using the newly developed Hybrid Brayton cycle when fired with biomass or biogas. This cycle will then be adapted to integrate to a solar dish to produce power from solar energy with biogas to supplement the cycle when the sun isolation value is too low. The value of the proposed research program is to allow remote communities in cold climates to become self-reliant and sustainable by reducing fossil fuel they consume and base their economy on the use of local renewable energy instead.