The energetics of swimming and flight in squid

海洋生物学的进步是由革命性的技术推动的，这些技术改变了人们做事的方式。我的Dalhousie团队创建并完善了无线电声定位遥测技术（RAPT），以三角测量为基础，在小尺度（bbb100克动物，<1米分辨率，1公里范围）上进行“野外生理学”。现在我们发现它们真的会飞！我们还使用弹出式卫星档案标签（PSAT）来记录大型捕食者（bbb10公斤，10公里，1万公里）的太阳导航生理，物理和位置数据。“下一件事”是海洋跟踪网络（OTN）的“声学线路”。海洋生物普查项目太平洋大陆架跟踪（POST）阵列（bbb10克，1公里，1000公里）可以跟踪从鲑鱼幼崽到蓝鲸的任何东西。我们现在可以将VEMCO定位系统(VPS)*添加到POST技术中，以了解加拿大海岸鱿鱼的生理能量学和大规模迁徙。“活得快，死得早”的鱿鱼正在全球许多生态系统和商业渔业中取代长寿的鱼类，因为鱼类资源崩溃（“沿着食物网捕鱼”）。了解这些正在扩大活动范围的头足类动物的能量学和生活史对于稳定和/或恢复这些生态系统至关重要。该提案建立在平行的OTN努力的基础上，将加拿大POST阵列技术扩展到加拿大的三个海洋，研究北极、大西洋和太平洋的其他鱿鱼。这些乌贼处于许多食物链的中间，在将能量从小型甲壳类动物、软体动物和鱼类转移到大型鱼类、海洋哺乳动物和鸟类方面起着关键作用。我们的方法是从生理能量学（食物转化效率、新陈代谢、生长和繁殖）开始，然后扩展到生态系统。利用这些新技术，现在可以就地测量生存、生长、迁移和种群动态，从而可以直接测试模型，并提高模型的预测能力，预测气候变化，从而为加拿大渔业和自然保护服务。

Advances in marine biology are driven by transformative technologies that alter the way things are done. My Dalhousie group created and perfected radio-acoustic positioning telemetry (RAPT) to do 'field physiology' on small scales (>100 g animal, <1 m resolution, 1 km range) based on triangulation. Now we have discovered that they actually fly! We also used popup satellite archival tags (PSAT) to record physiological, physical and positional data from solar navigation from large predators (>10 kg, 10km, 10,000 km). The 'next thing' is 'acoustic lines' for the Ocean Tracking Network (OTN). The Census of Marine Life project Pacific Ocean Shelf Tracking (POST) array (>10 g, 1km, 1000 km) can track anything from salmon smolts to blue whales. We can now add VEMCO Positioning Systems (VPS)* to POST technologies to understand the physiological energetics and large-scale migrations of squids on Canada's coasts. 'Live fast, die young' squids are replacing long-lived fishes in many ecosystems and commercial fisheries globally, as fish stocks collapse ("fishing down the food web"). Understanding the energetics and life-histories of these cephalopods that are expanding their ranges is crucial to stabilizing and/or restoring these ecosystems. This proposal builds on parallel OTN efforts to extend the Canadian technology of the POST array to Canada's three oceans, studying additional squids in the Arctic, Atlantic and Pacific. These squids are in the middle of many food chains, and have a key role in transferring energy from small crustaceans, molluscs and fish to larger fish, marine mammals and birds. Our approaches have been to start with physiological energetics (food conversion efficiency, metabolism, growth and reproduction) and scale up to ecosystems. It is now possible to measure survival, growth, migration and population dynamics in situ with these new technologies, allowing direct tests of models and improving them for predictive capacity anticipating climate change to serve both Canadian fisheries and conservation.