Linking biodiversity and ecosystem services to conservation

在生物多样性空前丧失的情况下，有效的养护评估办法对于保护物种多样性和生态系统进程至关重要。由于生态系统进程还提供直接造福社会的服务，例如减少风暴和滤水，因此将生态系统服务的提供纳入养护评估将提高社会对养护的接受程度。迄今为止，生态系统服务和物种多样性之间的空间一致性程度才刚刚开始探索。这主要是通过确定ES和物种最大产量的热点来实现的，这些热点通常在空间上不重叠。将ES纳入系统的选址过程中，不仅可以改善对物种多样性的保护，还可以改善对功能多样性的保护。事实上，人们认为，功能多样性，如由一个群落中生物属性（特征）的价值、范围和相对丰富程度所界定的，与生态系统进程的联系比物种多样性本身更密切。因此，在整合生态系统服务时，它可能成为养护评估的一个重要组成部分。

In the context of the unprecedented loss of biodiversity, effective conservation assessment approaches are critical for preserving both species diversity and ecosystem processes. Since ecosystem processes also provide services that benefit society directly, for example, storm attenuation and water filtration, integrating delivery of ecosystem services into conservation assessments would increase social acceptance of conservation. To date, the degree of spatial congruence between ecosystem services and species diversity has only begun to be explored. This has been done mainly through the identification of hot spots of maximal production of ES and species, which generally do not overlap spatially. Integrating ES into the process of systematic site selection should improve not only the protection of species diversity but also functional diversity. Indeed, functional diversity, as defined by the value, range and relative abundance of biological attributes (traits) in a community, is believed to be more strongly associated with ecosystem processes than species diversity per se. It may therefore become an important component of conservation assessments when integrating ecosystem services.