Biodiversity patterns in disturbed landscapes

受干扰景观中的生物多样性模式

• 批准号: RGPIN-2019-04503
• 负责人: Poulin, Monique
• 金额: $ 2.91万
• 依托单位: Université Laval
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=714330
• 关键词: Biodiversity; patterns; disturbed; landscapes

The homogenization of plant communities across space and time, associated with the current biodiversity crisis, is increasingly documented for natural habitats located in urban matrices. Yet, predicting when homogenization will occur and identifying its causes require further investigation for successful conservation planning. My research program aims to understand how natural habitats isolated in anthropogenic landscapes are being transformed. Over the next five years, I will use multiple approaches based on both taxonomic and functional (plant traits) aspects of diversity. First, I will study forests and wetlands to assess whether stress regime, such as waterlogged conditions, can modulate the response of communities to urban development. In districts with low and high urbanization levels, I will compare forests, intact swamps, and swamps that have been affected by drainage, such as those disconnected from their hydrological recharge by road construction. I hypothesize that mesic forest flora will become more homogenized with urbanization, whereas forested wetland flora will diversify. For the latter, the release of environmental stress (waterlogged conditions) will indeed create new conditions for species establishment for which plant propagules will be supplied by the urban matrix. Over time, wetland and mesic forest floras will become more similar. Second, I will compare forests of residential and industrial sectors to assess the impacts of fine variations of urban disturbance types. These sectors may have similar ratios of green vs impervious areas, yet may differ in respect to air quality, pollinator activity, as well as citizens' behavior. In addition to standard plant surveys, I will sample lichens as bioindicators of air pollution. In a phytometer experiment, individuals of three species will be transplanted in several forests of residential and industrial sectors and used as sentinel plants for measuring pollinator activity. Paths will be used as a proxy for detecting citizens' use of forests. I hypothesize that in situ disturbance (citizens' visits) in residential sectors is a stronger driver of taxonomic homogenization than land-use in the surrounding matrix, but that pollution and reduced pollination prevailing in industrial developments are factors associated with functional homogenization. Third, I will use historical data from Baillargeon (1981) to study changes in species composition for a variety of habitats within the Québec City plateau. Replicates of forests, escarpments, railways and Power-line ROW, and coastal marshes will be selected and resurveyed. I hypothesize that homogenization/differentiation will depend on two important gradients across original habitats: original naturalness and environmental stress. This research program addresses crucial questions about biodiversity distribution and aims to increase our ability to effectively guide conservation and management decisions in human-modified landscapes.

植物群落在空间和时间上的同质化，与当前的生物多样性危机有关，越来越多地记录了位于城市基质中的自然栖息地。然而，预测何时会发生同质化，并确定其原因需要进一步的调查，成功的保护规划。 我的研究计划旨在了解如何在人为景观隔离的自然栖息地正在被改造。在接下来的五年里，我将使用基于多样性的分类和功能（植物性状）方面的多种方法。首先，我将研究森林和湿地，以评估是否压力制度，如积水条件，可以调节社区对城市发展的反应。在城市化水平较低和较高的地区，我将比较森林、完整的沼泽和受到排水影响的沼泽，例如那些因道路建设而与水文补给断开的沼泽。我假设，随着城市化的发展，中温带森林植物群将变得更加同质化，而森林湿地植物群将多样化。对于后者来说，环境压力（积水条件）的释放确实会为物种建立创造新的条件，而植物繁殖体将由城市基质提供。随着时间的推移，湿地和梅西奇森林植物群将变得更加相似。 其次，我将比较住宅和工业部门的森林，以评估城市干扰类型的细微变化的影响。这些地区可能有类似的绿色与不透水面积的比例，但可能在空气质量，授粉活动，以及公民的行为方面有所不同。除了标准的植物调查外，我还将对地衣进行采样，作为空气污染的生物指标。在植物计实验中，三个物种的个体将被移植到住宅和工业部门的几个森林中，并用作测量传粉者活动的哨兵植物。路径将被用作检测公民使用森林的代理。我假设，在原位干扰（市民的访问）在住宅区是一个强大的驱动程序的分类同质化比周围的矩阵中的土地利用，但污染和减少授粉流行的工业发展与功能同质化的因素。 第三，我将使用Baillargeon（1981）的历史数据来研究魁北克市高原内各种栖息地的物种组成变化。森林、悬崖、铁路和电力线ROW以及沿海沼泽的复制品将被选择和重新勘测。我假设，同质化/分化将取决于两个重要的梯度在原始栖息地：原始的自然和环境压力。该研究计划解决了有关生物多样性分布的关键问题，旨在提高我们有效指导人类改造景观的保护和管理决策的能力。