Seismic risk analysis and management of civil infrastructure systems

加拿大东部和西部省份的许多地区都容易发生中度至高度地震灾害。据报告，1994年北岭地震造成的破坏突出了北美基础设施系统的脆弱性。地震危险，加上陈旧、脆弱的基础设施，有可能造成破坏和生命损失。仅在不列颠哥伦比亚省的低陆平原地区，地震造成的经济损失估计为143亿至321亿美元。评估和改造每一座脆弱的建筑是一项昂贵的工作，需要基于风险的优先级。风险分析的重点是根据发生概率和后果确定潜在的故障情况。风险管理是一个选择和实施战略的过程，以减轻损害和最大限度地减少失败的后果。

Many regions, both in the eastern and western provinces of Canada, are prone to moderate to high seismic hazards. Reported seismic induced damages of the 1994 Northridge earthquake highlighted vulnerability of North American infrastructure systems. The seismic hazards, coupled with older, vulnerable infrastructures, pose the potential for damage and loss of life. The economic impact of seismic induced damage, on the Lower Mainland of British Columbia alone, has been estimated at 14.3 to 32.1 billion dollars. Evaluating and retrofitting every vulnerable building is costly undertaking, and requires a risk-based prioritization. Risk analysis focuses on identifying potential failure scenarios in terms of the probability of occurrence and consequences. Risk management is a process of selecting and implementing strategies to mitigate damages and minimize the consequences of failure.