A novel paradigm of metabolic regulation: acute and chronic redox-circuitry control of energy homeostasis

骨骼肌收缩需要大量的能量，主要通过我们饮食中的碳水化合物和脂肪提供。 大部分能量释放在肌肉细胞内的特殊细胞器中，称为线粒体，通过特定的酶途径分解碳水化合物和脂肪。 这些酶必须在收缩过程中迅速激活。 对酶激活的传统解释包括添加高能分子，如磷酸盐（磷酸化）到酶的特定位点（共价调节）或在收缩过程中产生的小化合物，如代谢物，到其他位点（变构调节）。 然而，有证据表明，第三种形式的调节酶尚未详细检查骨骼肌代谢：氧化还原信号。

Skeletal muscle contraction requires an enormous amount of energy which is supplied mainly through carbohydrates and fats in our diet. Most of this energy is released in special organelles within muscle cells known as mitochondria which break down carbohydrates and fats through specific enzyme pathways. These enzymes must be activated rapidly during contraction. Traditional explanations for enzyme activation include the addition of high-energy molecules, such as phosphates (phosphorylation) to specific sites on enzymes (covalent regulation) or small compounds generated during contraction, such as metabolites, to other sites (allosteric regulation). However, there is evidence for a third form of regulating enzymes which has not been examined in detail with regards to skeletal muscle metabolism: redox signalling.