"Time-nested acclimation to excitation pressure: the transcriptome, proteome and phosphoproteome"

地球上几乎所有生物能量的最终来源都是阳光。植物和藻类的叶绿体通过吸收、捕获和转化光能，将二氧化碳转化为复杂的碳水化合物，在将所有其他生物与太阳联系起来方面起着至关重要的作用。这需要极快的、对温度不敏感的光化学反应的整合，以捕获能量，而消耗这些能量的代谢过程要慢得多，依赖于温度。因此，光合生物容易表现出细胞能量收支的不平衡，这可以在体内量化为激发压力（EP）。细胞能量收支问题的精妙解决方案部分反映了光合作用的魔力，是植物和藻类在不断变化的环境中重塑光合机构结构和功能的动态能力的结果，以通过最小化EP来维持能量平衡。我的研究计划的长期目标是阐明植物和藻类感知和响应由于环境光和温度条件变化而引起的短期EP变化的分子基础，并随着时间的推移整合这些信息来改造光合机构，并在长期，稳态驯化和适应EP过程中产生表型变化。拟议的研究将确定叶绿体中存在的潜在EP分子传感器的性质和数量，以及这些传感器不仅改变光合机构结构而且改变模式植物拟南芥表型的机制。本研究将结合利用一种新型的、适应冷环境的、非模式的南极绿藻——raudensis Chlamydomonas UWO241的独特光合机制，阐明其通过调节光合电子流来调节EP的动力学机制。提出的研究将改变我们对光合装置的结构和功能的传统看法，光合装置不仅是一个动态的全局细胞能量传感器，而且是一个动态的能量转换器。

The ultimate source of the energy for almost all organisms on this planet is sunlight. The chloroplasts of plants and algae are crucial in linking all other living organisms to the sun through the ability to absorb, trap, and transform this light energy to reduce CO2 to complex carbohydrates. This requires the integration of extremely fast, temperature-insensitive photochemical reactions to trap the energy with much slower, temperature-dependent metabolic processes that consume this energy. As a consequence, photosynthetic organisms are predisposed to exhibit an imbalance in cellular energy budget which can be quantified in vivo as excitation pressure (EP). Exquisite solutions to the problem of cellular energy budget reflect part of the magic of photosynthesis and are the result of the dynamic capacity of plants and algae to remodel the structure and function of the photosynthetic apparatus to an ever-changing environment in order to maintain an energy balance by minimizing EP. The long-term objective of my research programme is to elucidate the molecular basis by which plants and algae sense and respond to short-term changes in EP due to alterations in environmental light and temperature conditions and integrate this information over time to remodel the photosynthetic apparatus and generate a phenotypic change during long-term, steady-state acclimation and adaptation to EP. The proposed research will identify the nature and number of potential molecular sensors of EP present within chloroplasts and the mechanism(s) by which these sensors alter not only the structure of the photosynthetic apparatus but also the phenotype of the model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana. This will be combined with research that exploits the unique photosynthetic apparatus of a novel, cold-adapted, non-model, Antarctic green alga, Chlamydomonas raudensis UWO241, to elucidate the dynamic mechanism by which it regulates photosynthetic electron flow to modulate EP. The proposed research will alter our conventional view of the structure and function of the photosynthetic apparatus, not only as a dynamic global cellular energy sensor but also as a dynamic energy transformer.