Bottom-up and top-down factors in visual and auditory asymmetries

我的建议的主要理论基础源于Hugdahl（2000）提出的模型，根据该模型，在任何相关任务中观察到的感知不对称反映了自下而上组件和自上而下组件的组合。当特定刺激的呈现产生身体一侧优于另一侧的表现优势时，观察到知觉不对称。具体而言，拟议的工作将集中在视觉和听觉刺激产生，分别，在左或右视野中呈现的刺激的优势，和声音呈现给左耳或右耳的优势。在这种情况下，自下而上的方面反映了刺激内容（通常是语言或非语言）和大脑组织，而自上而下的方面则指注意力效应（即将视觉或听觉注意力引导到特定位置的能力）。然而，我建议，其他因素应包括在自上而下的组件，而在自下而上的组件所涉及的具体因素仍然在模型中未充分说明。从这个角度来看，我建议追求三条线的调查会议的短期目标的特征自上而下和自下而上的过程中的感知不对称。在一系列研究中，视觉和听觉任务测量感知不对称性将从它们具有重要记忆成分的角度进行检查。第二条研究路线将建立在这样的假设之上：讽刺的言语往往比真诚的言语更慢、音调更低、声音更大。研究的第三条线将调查的因素，负责刺激优势的双耳分听和检查的方法，以尽量减少这些因素的影响，在评估听觉不对称。本研究的长期目标是识别感知不对称的任务成分和大脑机制，最终目标是提供有效和可靠的感知不对称测量，用于癫痫和脑肿瘤等神经功能障碍患者的术前筛查。因此，这项研究具有重要的应用相关的功能性脑专业化的测量。

The main theoretical foundation for my proposal stems from the model proposed by Hugdahl (2000) according to which the observed perceptual asymmetry in any relevant task reflects a combination of a bottom-up component and a top-down component. Perceptual asymmetries are observed whenever presentation of specific stimuli produces a performance advantage for one side of the body over the other. Specifically, the proposed work will focus on visual and auditory stimuli producing, respectively, an advantage for stimuli presented in the left or right visual field, and an advantage for sounds presented to the left or right ear. In this context, the bottom-up aspect reflects stimulus content (typically verbal or non-verbal) and cerebral organization, whereas the top-down aspect refers to attentional effects (i.e. the ability to direct visual or auditory attention to a specific location). However, I propose that other factors should be included in the top-down component, whereas specific factors involved in the bottom-up component remain underspecified in the model. From this perspective, I propose to pursue three lines of inquiries meeting the short-term objective of characterizing top-down and bottom-up processes in perceptual asymmetries. In one line of research, visual and auditory tasks measuring perceptual asymmetries will be examined from the perspective that they have a significant memory component. A second line of research, will build on the hypothesis that sarcastic speech tends to be slower, of lower pitch, and louder than sincere speech. The third line of research will investigate factors responsible for stimulus dominance in dichotic listening and examine ways to minimize the influence of these factors in the assessment of auditory asymmetries. The long-term goal of this research is to identify task components and cerebral mechanisms underlying perceptual asymmetries with the ultimate goal to provide valid and reliable measurement of perceptual asymmetries for use in the pre-surgery screening of patients with neurological impairments such as epilepsy and brain tumors. Thus, this research has important applications relevant to the measurement of functional cerebral specialization.