Glacial isostatic adjustment from terrestrial and space observing systems

从全球角度看，气候、环境、生态系统、人类社会及其相互关系在当今具有深远的重要性和意义。值得注意的是，对我们的气候及其长期变化仍然知之甚少，因为它们不仅与大气层有关，而且与北极地区和海洋有关。有强有力的证据表明，地球的极地地区是最敏感的，显示出比地球上任何其他地区都快的变暖速度。近年来，地球科学的总体重点已经转向气候变化和将我们的星球作为一个系统进行研究。我们需要更好地了解地球，以及它是如何受到大气、海洋和北极地区微小变化的影响的。要频繁地在全球范围内观察地球，唯一的方法就是使用卫星任务，从非常遥远的地方“看到”我们的星球。这种对地球的“遥感”是空间大地测量学的主题，也就是利用卫星技术测量地球的科学。我们需要许多不同的卫星来测量地球的各种特征，如地球的重力、磁力、海洋环流和状态、大气属性和动力学、形变等。因为这些特征都是相互关联的，我们需要设计复杂的数学理论和方法来研究和理解它们。到目前为止，我们主要是单独研究这些特征，这给我们提供的知识和理解有限。将它们全面统一的方法被称为“理论和技术的集成”，需要来自不同学科的科学家的贡献才能实现。这就是所谓的“多学科方法”，具有很大的挑战性。这项研究提出要做到这一点：开始整合不同的理论、系统和观察，以增强我们对地球过程和气候变化的理解，这将导致社会经济繁荣和更好、更安全的社区。

Climate, environment, ecosystems, human society and their interrelationships from the global perspective are of profound importance and significance nowadays. It is remarkable that still very little is known about our climate and its long-term changes as they relate not only to the atmospheric masses but to the arctic regions and the oceans as well. There is strong evidence that the polar regions of the Earth are the most sensitive showing the fastest warming rates than any other region on Earth. In recent years, the general emphasis of Earth sciences has moved towards Climate Change and the study of our planet as one system. We need a much better understanding of the Earth, and how it is affected even by minute changes in the atmosphere, oceans and arctic regions. The only way to observe the Earth frequently and globally is to use satellite missions that "see" our planet from really far away. This "remote sensing" of the Earth is the subject of Space Geodesy that is, the science of measuring the Earth using satellite technology. We need many different satellites to measure the various characteristics of the Earth, such as its gravity, magnetism, ocean circulation and state, atmospheric properties and dynamics, deformations and many others. Because these characteristics are all interrelated, we need to device complicated mathematical theories and methods to study and understand them. So far, we have primarily been studying each of these characteristics separately, which provides us only with limited knowledge and understanding. The approach of unifying them in a comprehensive manner is known as "integration of theories and techniques" and requires the contribution of scientists from different disciplines to achieve it. This is called "multidisciplinary approach" and it is very challenging. This research proposes to do exactly this: Start integrating different theories, systems and observations to enhance our understanding of the Earth processes and climate change that will lead to socioeconomic prosperity and better and safer communities.