S&R GIS: an event driven geospatial infrastructure for real-time decision support

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Recent developments in physical and virtual sensor, sensor network, other data collection and information technologies have resulted in a huge amount of a continuous and ever-expanding stream of real-time information (or events), which is far beyond human's capacity to process. In recent years, event-driven architecture (EDA) and the resurgence of complex event processing have formed a new technology paradigm for event-based applications. Event-driven architecture, along with service-oriented architecture and open source, represents another web trend for geospatial applications, and has been rated as one of the technologies having particularly high impact in the next 10 years. Shifted from the current "request/response" based system to a "sense/respond" or "publish/subscribe" environment, the event-driven design allows the system to "sense" things that are happening and actively "respond" to them. Systems and applications developed based on event-driven architecture are able to detect incoming events, process (identify and correlate) these events to find patterns based on the defined business/application rules, and ultimately respond to the events and/or take intelligent actions appropriately and expeditiously. There are many challenges in developing event-driven GIS applications and one of them is to provide appropriate architecture with standard interface designs to interoperate with event sources, event consumers, and event processing components, which involves spatial "variables". This project proposes a new event-driven GIS architecture to build a sense and respond GIS (S&R GIS), which can efficiently and seamlessly meet the requirements of event-based geospatial applications. The S&R GIS infrastructure will be able to take events from different sources including sensors, web services, applications, and databases, processes spatial and non-spatial events according to event subscriptions (possibly spatially-enabled), and notifies event subscribers and in turn invokes proper actions. The S&R GIS can be applied in a broad range of applications, including homeland security, public safety, public health, intelligent transportation, and disaster/emergency response and management.