Optical guidance during neurosurgery for deep brain stimulation electrode implantation in the treatment of Parkinson's disease

脑深部电刺激（DBS）手术是对标准药物（左旋多巴）不再有反应的晚期帕金森病患者的治疗途径。该手术包括在丘脑底核（subthalamic nucleus，缩写为丘脑底核）中插入一个电极，丘脑底核是大脑中一个毫米大小的区域，已知是基底神经节的主要驱动力。电极的作用是使STNs的电活动饱和，并减轻帕金森病的运动症状。这种手术并不能治愈疾病，而是在大约十年的时间里控制其症状，这对患者的生活质量有着极其显著的改善。临床结果主要取决于刺激电极在脊髓背侧区域的良好定位。在插入最终的较大刺激电极之前，通过使用较小的侵入性较小的测量电极测量局部电神经元活动来执行其准确的手术放置。最重要的是，

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery is a therapeutic avenue for late-stage Parkinson's disease patients who do not respond anymore to standard medication (L-Dopa). The surgery consists in the insertion of an electrode in the subthalamic nucleus (STN), a millimeter-sized region of the brain known to be the major driving force of the basal ganglia. The electrodes act to saturate the electrical activity of the STNs and alleviate the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. This surgery does not cure the diseases, but instead manages its symptoms for approximately a decade, an extremely significant improvement on the quality of life of patients. The clinical outcome depends critically on the good positioning of the stimulating electrode in the dorsal region of the STN. Its accurate surgical placement is performed by measuring the local electrical neuronal activity with a smaller, less invasive measuring electrode prior to insertion of the final, larger stimulating electrode. Most importantly,