Turning municipal solid waste incineration into eco-bricks production

虽然城市固体废物（MSW）的焚烧为服务社区产生热量和电力，但产生的残留物仍然对这种废物管理方案构成环境挑战。这些残留物通常聚集在专门的垃圾填埋场，造成相当大的处理费用，并引起污染问题。此外，每焚烧一吨城市固体废物，大约会排放一吨二氧化碳。尽管焚烧可大幅减少废物量， 90%，并破坏有机污染物，该技术的相关危险残留物和碳排放限制了其普及。为了最大限度地发挥焚烧的效益并尽量减少其对环境的影响，必须将有害的副产品减少到最低限度，并在可能的情况下转化为增值产品。这项研究旨在探讨三种焚烧副产品，即热量，灰渣和二氧化碳，是否可以用来生产环保建筑产品：“生态砖”。本文采用的方法包括使用焚烧炉热量和残渣生产“生态水泥”，随后通过将生态水泥、作为砂的底灰和作为活化剂的烟道气二氧化碳混合生产“生态砖”。焚烧转化生产创新性地充分利用了所有焚烧副产品：在最高温度1000摄氏度的焚烧炉内，通过将富钙APC残渣和富硅底灰结合在一起，合成生态水泥。在此温度下生产的水泥是潜在的水硬性或非水硬性。然而，这种水泥可以在碳酸化活化时产生显著的强度。此外，碳酸化作用有助于将重金属溶解在水泥中，并将气态CO2转化为固体碳酸盐用于碳储存。计算机化的热力学数据库将用于预测多组分灰系统中的复杂相平衡，以最大限度地形成反应相。该闭环系统将把焚烧作为废物管理的一种选择，转化为增值生产。在该系统中，输入是城市固体废物，输出是生态产品。

While the incineration of municipal solid wastes (MSW) produces heat and electricity to the serviced community, the generated residues still pose an environmental challenge for this waste management option. The residues normally amass in specialized landfill sites, contributing to considerable disposal costs and raising pollution concerns. Moreover, approximately one ton of carbon dioxide is emitted for every ton of MSW incinerated. Even though incineration substantially reduces waste volume by up to 90% and destroys organic contaminants, the technique's associated hazardous residues and carbon emissions limit its popularity. To maximize the benefits of incineration and minimize its environmental impact, it becomes imperative that harmful by-products be reduced to a minimum, and, where possible, converted to value-added products. This proposed research aims to investigate whether three incineration by-products, namely, heat, ash residues and carbon dioxide, can be utilized to produce environmentally friendly building products: "eco-bricks". The methodologies adopted herein involve the production of "eco-cement" using incinerator heat and residues, and the subsequent production of "eco-bricks" by combining the eco-cement, bottom ash as sand, and flue gas carbon dioxide as the activation agent. The incineration-turned-production innovatively utilizes all incineration by-products to their best: eco-cement is synthesized inside the incinerator furnace at a maximum temperature of 1000 degree C by combining calcium-rich APC residues and silica-rich bottom ash. The cement produced at this temperature is latent hydraulic or non-hydraulic. However, this cement can develop significant strength upon carbonation activation. In addition, carbonation helps immobilize heavy metals in cement and convert gaseous CO2 into solid carbonates for carbon storage. Computerized thermodynamic database will be used to predict the complex phase equilibrium in the multi-component ash system to maximize the formation of reactive phases. The closed-loop system will turn incineration as a waste management option into a value-added production. In this system, the input is municipal solid wastes and the output is eco-products.