Quantum oscillators for cavity electrodynamics in CMOS compatible silicon photonic chips

“信息时代”的到来是科学认识和技术创新迅速共生发展的结果，首先涉及物质的电子性质，然后是光学性质。晶体管和激光器分别象征着在理解电子和光子的基本性质方面的进展如何产生更复杂的物理和计算工具，使解决更复杂和重要的科学问题成为可能。 信息科学和技术领域的前沿科学研究现在集中在量子现象上：量子力学如何（再次）彻底改变我们解决问题或交流信息的方式？ 量子信息科学的一个新学科已经确定了量子算法和量子通信协议，这些算法和协议原则上可以解决某些类型的问题，或者传输安全的信息，这是经典信息技术所不能做到的。 人们正在研究各种不同的物理系统，以确定实现这些量子信息理论的实际方法。 本建议侧重于这样一个系统，选择它是为了利用微电子工业在过去50年中开发的极其强大和复杂的技术。 我们建议研究和开发纳米尺寸的半导体晶体（人造原子），其发射和吸收光的方式与一类新的硅微芯片兼容，该硅微芯片旨在在宏观距离上传输和操纵量子力学信息。 如果找到合适的纳米晶体，该系统将代表目前正在考虑的少数几个系统之一，这显然是可扩展到实际的量子处理技术。

The advent of the "information age" was the result of the astonishingly rapid, symbiotic development of scientific understanding and technological innovation involving first the electronic, and then the optical properties of matter. The transistor and the laser respectively symbolize the result of how progress in understanding the fundamental properties of electrons and photons begat more sophisticated physical and computational tools that made possible the solution of yet more complex and important scientific problems. The forefront of scientific inquiry in information science and technology is now focussed on quantum phenomena: how might quantum mechanics revolutionize (again) the way we solve problems or communicate information? Already a new discipline of quantum information science has identified quantum algorithms and quantum communication protocols that can, in principle, solve certain types of problems, or transmit secure information, that no classical information technology can. A wide range of different physical systems are being studied in order to identify practical ways of implementing these quantum information theories. This proposal focuses on one such system, chosen to take advantage of the tremendously powerful and sophisticated technology developed over the past 50 years by the microelectronics industry. We propose to study and develop nanometer sized semiconductor crystals (artificial atoms) that emit and absorb light in a manner compatible with a new class of silicon microchips designed to transport and manipulate quantum mechanical information over macroscopic distances. If suitable nanocrystals are found, this system will represent one of the few currently being considered, that is manifestly scalable to a practical quantum processing technology.