The effects of flexible job design and incentive plans on productivity

灵活职务设计的一个核心要素是职务轮调-有系统地将雇员从一个工作调动到另一个工作，使雇员有机会接触各种业务。工作轮换的好处之一是提高员工的积极性。激励计划--对良好业绩的奖励--是另一种提高员工积极性的管理工具。本研究将考虑工作轮换和激励计划这两个因素，既可以单独考虑，也可以结合考虑。 工作轮换已经在许多领域进行了研究，众所周知，它有几个优点，如减少无聊和提高动力，改善员工之间的社会互动和合议，以及增加技能，可以使员工更加多才多艺和适销对路，从而增加工作保障。根据模型的复杂性，将使用数学规划或元分析来解决这部分问题。 这项拟议研究的另一部分涉及激励计划。拟议的研究认为，激励计划作为一个外部因素，可以提高动机超越工作轮换可以做什么。对于这部分的研究，分析模型和模拟模型相结合，将被使用。 本研究的最后一部分是对上述两部分的整合。工作轮换和激励计划如果同时实施，可以相互作用。一个综合模型，其中这两个计划都存在，可以显示这些计划中的每一个的相对效果，并提供一个平台，比较这些管理策略。为了有效地模拟不同因素之间的相互作用，基于代理的模拟方法将用于这个综合模型。基于代理的仿真允许使用自主代理，这些代理可以根据一组预定义的规则做出单独和独立的决策。基于主体的建模，特别是，是非常有用的，当人类行为，如动机，竞争，学习，遗忘，记忆，适应，恶化，满意度和挫折感的参与。

A core element of flexible job design is job rotation--the systematic movement of employees from one job to another--where the employee is given a breadth of exposure to a wide range of operations. One of the benefits of job rotation is improved motivation for employees. An incentive plan-- reward for good performance-- is another management tool to increase the motivation level of employees. This proposed research will consider the two factors of job rotation and incentive plans, both in isolation and in combination. Job rotation has been studied in many fields and it is known to have several advantages such as reduced boredom and improved motivation, improved social interaction and collegiality among employees, and increased skills that can make employees more versatile and marketable resulting in their increased job security. Depending on the complexity of the model, mathematical programming or metaheuristics will be used to solve this part of the problem. Another part of this proposed research deals with incentive plans. The proposed research considers incentive plans as an external factor that can improve motivation beyond what job rotation can do. For this part of the research, a combination of analytical models and simulation models will be used. The last part of this research deals with the integration of the above two parts. Job rotation and incentive plans can interact if they are applied simultaneously. An integrated model in which both of these plans are present can show the relative effect of each of these plans and provide a platform for comparing these management strategies. In order to effectively model the interactions among different factors, an agent-based simulation approach will be used for this integrated model. Agent-based simulation enables the use of autonomous agents that can make individual and independent decisions based on a set of predefined rules. Agent-based modelling, in particular, is very useful when human behaviours such as motivation, competition, learning, forgetting, memory, adaptation, aggravation, satisfaction, and frustration are involved.