Characterization of intra-urban exposure and source impacts of air pollution through monitoring and modeling

空气质量管理的首要目标是保护人类健康和环境。目前，缺少的两个环节是准确估计空气污染物的暴露，建立与健康结果的因果关系，以及定量确定来源的贡献，以帮助制定和评估减少风险的战略。NSERC的资金将通过一种新的方法来支持提高我们的知识和协助管理决策的努力，该方法将所有三个组成部分整合在一起：密集监测，排放清单的开发和应用以及计算机模型模拟。 将通过开发和应用排放和扩散工具以及利用密集监测数据来确定温莎空气区内城市空气质量的特征。 在这项研究中开发的方法可以很容易地被其他人在社会上，因为使用的建模系统和加拿大的交通数据，这是熟悉加拿大的工程师和科学家。这将有助于评估根据边境空气质量战略提出的缓解战略和替代运输路线。模型评估和交叉验证的结果不仅对我们当地社区感兴趣，而且通过提高我们对各种空气质量建模方法的能力的理解，对科学界也是有益的。 此外，这项研究将提高我们对环境空气质量和人为排放之间的长期关系的理解。 在过去的15年里，加拿大大部分城市的空气质量都在逐步改善。然而，在同一时期，对与减排的关系进行了一些审查。通过调查安大略南部和加拿大其他城市过去15年的空气质量和颗粒物、臭氧和汞的排放趋势，这项研究将提供有用的方法，可用于其他地方评估排放控制措施的有效性。 这种评估将有助于制定未来的减排政策。

The above all goal of air quality management is to protect human health and our environment. Presently, the two missing links are accurate estimation of exposure to air pollutants which establishes a causal relationship with health outcomes, and quantitative identification of source contributions in order to aid development and evaluation of risk reduction strategies. NSERC funding will support efforts to improve our knowledge and assist management decisions through a novel approach integrating all three components: intensive monitoring, emission inventory development and application, and computer model simulation. The characterization of intra-urban air quality within the Windsor airshed will be achieved by developing and applying tools of emission and dispersion, and by utilizing data of intensive monitoring. The methodologies developed during this research can easily be employed by others in the community because of the use of modeling systems and Canadian traffic data which are familiar to Canadian engineers and scientists. It will help to evaluate mitigation strategies and alternative transportation routes proposed under the Border Air Quality Strategy. The finding of the model evaluation and cross-validation will be not only of interest to our local community, but also be beneficial to the scientific community by improving our understanding of the capabilities of the various methods of air quality modeling. Furthermore, this research will enhance our understanding of the long term relationship between ambient air quality and anthropogenic emissions. In most Canadian cites, air quality has been gradually improving during the past 15 years. However, there have been a few examinations of the relationship with the emission reduction that has occurred during the same time period. By investigating the air quality and emission trends for particulate matter, ozone and mercury in southern Ontario and other Canadian cities in the past 15 years, this study will provide useful methodology that could be used in other places to evaluate the effectiveness of emission control measures. Such assessment will aid development of future emission reduction policy.