Earthquake Disaster Resilience - From Mitigation to Recovery

近年来，世界经历了前所未有的地震损失。对于新西兰的基督城，一个与许多加拿大城市非常相似的社区，2011年2月M6.3地震的影响包括估计200亿美元的直接经济损失，约70%的市中心建筑物被拆除，其中包括超过50%的遗产结构的损失，CBD关闭超过18个月，以及数千居民的外迁。加拿大的市政当局已经认识到他们对类似损失的脆弱性，并努力制定方案，以提高他们的复原力。 该提案提供了一个全面的研究计划，以提高我们对地震期间建筑结构性能的基本理解，最终目标是通过解决三个研究主题来提高加拿大社区的地震灾害恢复能力：（1）缓解现有脆弱建筑，（2）新设计的性能增强，以及（3）改进震后评估方法。 本研究计划将有助于（1）通过寻求识别与倒塌潜力密切相关的旧混凝土建筑物的特性。 对（2）的研究将集中在两个分专题上：首先，将把过去地震造成的损失与结构系统实现更高性能所需的额外资本成本进行比较，作为修改《建筑规范》性能目标的理由;第二，流行结构体系（例如混凝土心墙建筑物）进行评估，以确定如何对其进行修改，以便在设计方法的有限变化中实现更好的损伤容限。最后，对于（3），灾难恢复能力的一个重要组成部分是有效评估受损建筑物的能力，而不会过度保守，以便尽快重新使用它们。 这一需求将通过建筑物剩余能力和可测量的损坏指标（如裂缝宽度和非破坏性测试测量）的相关性来解决。一个值得注意的原始方面，整个研究计划是从2011年基督城地震的经验证据的使用，以验证模型，并确保工程实践的研究成果的相关性。

The world has experienced unprecedented losses from earthquakes in recent years. For Christchurch, New Zealand, a community very similar to many Canadian cities, the impacts of the February 2011 M6.3 earthquake include an estimated $20 billion in direct financial loss, demolition of ~70% of downtown buildings including loss of more than 50% of heritage structures, closure of the CBD for over 18 months, and outmigration of thousands of residents. Canadian municipalities have recognized their vulnerability to similar losses and strive to develop programs to improve their resiliency. This proposal provides a comprehensive research program to improve our basic understanding of the performance of building structures during earthquakes, with an end goal of enhancing earthquake disaster resilience of Canadian communities by address three research themes: (1) mitigation of existing vulnerable buildings, (2) performance enhancements for new designs, and (3) improved methods for post-earthquake evaluation. This research program will contribute to (1) by seeking to identify the characteristics of older concrete buildings closely correlated with collapse potential. Research on (2) will focus on two sub-topics: first, losses from past earthquakes will be compared with the additional capital costs of achieving higher performance from structural systems as a means of providing rationale for changes to the performance objectives of the Building Code; second, popular structural systems (e.g. concrete core wall buildings) will be evaluated to determine how they may be modified to achieve better damage tolerance for limited changes in design approaches. Finally, for (3), an essential component to disaster resilience is the ability to efficiently evaluate damaged buildings without undue conservatism such that they can be reoccupied as quickly as possible. This need will be addressed through the correlation of building residual capacity and measurable damage metrics such as crack widths and non-destructive test measurements. A notable original aspect integral to the entire research program is the use of empirical evidence from the 2011 Christchurch Earthquake to validate models and ensure relevance of research findings for engineering practice.