Understanding, Recovery and Management of Hydrogen Sulfide in High-temperature Shale Gas

页岩气储量超过30万亿立方米，将确保加拿大天然气的未来增长和可持续性，这是一种重要的低碳能源;然而，这种资源的生产需要专门的压裂和调节考虑。一些热页岩气储层在生产一段时间后会表现出硫化氢含量的增加（高达500 ppm），其中硫化氢和二氧化碳必须在销售前去除。从大量气体中去除少量硫化氢并管理随后的硫对于商业气体加工来说并不典型，特别是当生产商不期望从流体的早期测试中获得硫化氢时。这项研究解决了有关压裂技术的化学和含有低水平硫化氢的页岩气处理的多个问题。了解这种硫化氢来自哪里，如何去除它以及如何处理随后的硫将通过研究在适用于高温页岩气生产的条件下硫，硫酸盐和硫化物反应中涉及的化学物质的基本性质进行研究。高压水解反应和硫酸盐还原反应动力学将进行研究，其中中间物种的表征将进行原位振动光谱和高压气相色谱法。将测定反应物、产物和已鉴定中间体的表观摩尔性质，以便将平衡关系外推至高储层和工艺压力。所有测量将在具有高压酸性流体研究独特能力的实验室中进行，包括振动管密度测定、高压光谱（拉曼和红外）、高压酸性气体吸附和流变测量设备。

At over 30 trillion cubic metres of reserves, shale gas sources will ensure future growth and sustainability of Canadian natural gas, an important low carbon energy source; however, production of this resource requires specialised fracturing and conditioning considerations. Some hot-shale gas reservoirs will exhibit increased amounts of hydrogen sulfide (up to 500 ppm) after a period of production, where hydrogen sulfide plus carbon dioxide must be removed before sales. Removing small amounts of hydrogen sulfide and managing subsequent sulfur from large volumes of gas is not typical for commercial gas processing, particularly when producers do not expect hydrogen sulfide from the early testing of the fluids. This research addresses multiple questions regarding the chemistry of fracturing technologies and treatment of shale gas which contain low-levels of hydrogen sulfide. Understanding where this hydrogen sulfide comes from, how to remove it and how to deal with subsequent sulfur will be investigated through studying fundamental properties of chemical species involved in the reactions of sulfur, sulfate and sulfides under conditions applicable to the production of high-temperature shale gas. High-pressure hydrolysis reactions and sulfate reducing reaction kinetics will be investigated, where the characterisation of intermediate species will be carried out by in situ vibrational spectroscopy and high-pressure gas chromatography. Apparent molar properties for reactants, products and identified intermediates will be determined in order to extrapolate equilibrium relationships to high reservoir and process pressures. All measurements will be carried out in a laboratory with the unique capabilities in high-pressure sour fluid research, including vibration tube densimetry, high-pressure spectroscopy (Raman and IR), high-pressure sour gas adsorption and rheometry equipment.