Turning municipal solid waste incineration into eco-bricks production

虽然焚烧城市固体废物（MSW）为服务社区提供热量和电力，但产生的残留物仍然对这种废物管理方案构成环境挑战。这些残留物通常聚集在专门的垃圾填埋场，造成相当大的处置费用，并引起污染问题。此外，每焚烧一吨城市生活垃圾，大约会排放一吨二氧化碳。尽管焚烧大大减少了高达90%的垃圾体积，并破坏了有机污染物，但该技术相关的有害残留物和碳排放限制了它的普及。为了最大限度地提高焚烧的效益并尽量减少其对环境的影响，必须将有害的副产品减少到最低限度，并在可能的情况下将其转化为增值产品。本研究旨在探讨焚烧的三种副产品，即热量、灰渣和二氧化碳，是否可以用来生产环保的建筑产品：“生态砖”。本文采用的方法包括利用焚烧炉的热量和残留物生产“生态水泥”，以及随后将生态水泥、底灰作为沙子、烟气二氧化碳作为活化剂结合生产“生态砖”。焚烧转化生产创新地充分利用了所有焚烧副产品：生态水泥在焚烧炉内以最高1000摄氏度的温度合成，将富含钙的APC残留物和富含硅的底灰结合在一起。在这个温度下产生的水泥是潜在的水力或非水力的。然而，这种水泥在碳化活化后可以发展出显著的强度。此外，碳化有助于固定水泥中的重金属，并将气态二氧化碳转化为固体碳酸盐，用于碳储存。计算机热力学数据库将用于预测多组分灰分体系的复杂相平衡，以最大限度地形成反应相。闭环系统将把焚烧作为一种废物管理选择变成一种增值生产。在这个系统中，投入是城市固体废物，产出是生态产品。

While the incineration of municipal solid wastes (MSW) produces heat and electricity to the serviced community, the generated residues still pose an environmental challenge for this waste management option. The residues normally amass in specialized landfill sites, contributing to considerable disposal costs and raising pollution concerns. Moreover, approximately one ton of carbon dioxide is emitted for every ton of MSW incinerated. Even though incineration substantially reduces waste volume by up to 90% and destroys organic contaminants, the technique's associated hazardous residues and carbon emissions limit its popularity. To maximize the benefits of incineration and minimize its environmental impact, it becomes imperative that harmful by-products be reduced to a minimum, and, where possible, converted to value-added products. This proposed research aims to investigate whether three incineration by-products, namely, heat, ash residues and carbon dioxide, can be utilized to produce environmentally friendly building products: "eco-bricks". The methodologies adopted herein involve the production of "eco-cement" using incinerator heat and residues, and the subsequent production of "eco-bricks" by combining the eco-cement, bottom ash as sand, and flue gas carbon dioxide as the activation agent. The incineration-turned-production innovatively utilizes all incineration by-products to their best: eco-cement is synthesized inside the incinerator furnace at a maximum temperature of 1000 degree C by combining calcium-rich APC residues and silica-rich bottom ash. The cement produced at this temperature is latent hydraulic or non-hydraulic. However, this cement can develop significant strength upon carbonation activation. In addition, carbonation helps immobilize heavy metals in cement and convert gaseous CO2 into solid carbonates for carbon storage. Computerized thermodynamic database will be used to predict the complex phase equilibrium in the multi-component ash system to maximize the formation of reactive phases. The closed-loop system will turn incineration as a waste management option into a value-added production. In this system, the input is municipal solid wastes and the output is eco-products.