Effects of the Membrane Filter Properties on the Fouling Mechanism in Potable Water Treatment

马尼托巴省的许多水处理厂(WTP)努力满足最新的、严格的 并一直在将水处理工艺升级为双膜系统， 它的特点是微滤(MF)和纳滤(NF)串联。马尼托班河的原水 含有高浓度的锰，偶尔会导致自来水中出现“棕色水”。锰是 通常与水中存在的天然有机物(NOM)结合。NOM也是前游标 潜在的致癌消毒副产物三卤甲烷(THMS)，因此，许多水系统 有动力提高他们对NOM的去除。 众所周知，NOM是膜过滤过程中最严重的污染源。有机污垢的范围是 由特定的膜材料与局部有机化合物混合物的相互作用决定的 在水里。在这项研究中，我们打算调查这些相互作用。液体流动(流量)通过四个 不同的膜样品将在小试规模的膜过滤实验中进行测试。犯规 将对薄膜过滤器上积累的蛋糕进行分析。这些分析的结果将允许 确定过滤后的水中最容易污染膜的成分。 这些成分必须在膜过滤之前从水中去除，并必须在 水处理系统的设计。实验室获得了伴随着以下信息的通量分布 造成结垢的化合物将为WSP提供一种新的工具，不仅在选择适当的 纳滤膜，也是一种策略设计的前处理工艺。因此，结果是 这项研究的结果最终会影响到水系统的处理设计标准。该项目还将 有助于进一步开发最近在大学建造的新的实验室规模的膜过滤装置 在马尼托巴省，为学生提供实验室和水处理厂的培训。这项研究将 为市政当局节省了大量资金，并为该行业提供了高素质的人员。

Many water treatment plants (WTPs) in the Province of Manitoba struggle to meet the latest, rigorous provincial quality standards and have been upgrading their water treatment process to a dual membrane system, which feature microfiltration(MF) and nanofiltration(NF) in series. The raw water in Manitoban Rivers contains high concentrations of manganese, occasionally causing "brown water" in the tap water. Manganese is often bound with the Natural Organic Matter (NOM) present in the water. The NOM is also a pre-cursor to potentially carcinogenic disinfection by-products, trihalomethanes (THMs), therefore, many water systems are motivated to improve their removal of NOM. NOM is well known as the worst foulant in membrane filtration processes. The extent of the organic fouling is determined by the interaction of the particular membrane material with the local mixture of organic compounds in the water. In this research we propose to investigate these interactions. Liquid flow (flux) through four different membrane samples will be tested in the bench scale membrane filtration experiments. The fouling cakes accumulated on the membrane filter will be analyzed. The results of these analyses will allow for identification of the components in the filtered water that have the highest propensity to foul the membrane. These components have to be removed from the water prior to membrane filtration and have to be addressed in the design of the water pre-treatment. The laboratory obtained flux profiles accompanied by the information of the compounds causing fouling will provide WSP with a new tool not only in the selection of an appropriate nanofiltration membrane, but also a strategy for the design of the pre-treatment process. Therefore, the results of this research can ultimately influence treatment design standards for water systems. This project will also contribute to further development of new, bench-scale membrane filtration unit recently built at the University of Manitoba, providing students training both in the lab and at the water treatment plant. This research will result in significant savings to municipalities, as well as provide highly qualified personnel for the industry.