Risk identification, impact, and mitigation for maintenance and rehabilitation of Heritage Places (HeritagePlaces@Risk)

鉴于加拿大和世界各地的大量遗产地面临着来自各种风险（自然灾害、开发、旅游、污染、不适当的遗址管理、疏忽的工程、抢劫和冲突）的持续（持续）压力，本项目的长期目标是开发一个5维（X、Y、Z、时间和事件）资源管理信息系统，从而能够系统地识别世界遗产地的风险。使用最先进的数字工具评估其影响和遗产结构的脆弱性。这种方法将考虑到这些威胁取决于它们所在遗址的性质、具体特征、固有阻力和地理环境。这将使研究人员、场址管理人员和有关当局能够规划更深入的工程评估和成本效益分析，从而更有效地减轻风险。该研究项目的短期目标（未来五年）包括巩固世界遗产地的“风险评估”方法，以发展5D （X、Y、Z、时间和事件）风险管理（联合国教科文组织）。该研究将在加拿大进行，以过去四年开展的工作为基础，并与在这些领域工作的机构进行持续的合作框架。这些地点的工作将涉及三维记录工具（3D扫描和摄影测量）、地理信息系统（GIS）和用于绘制世界遗产地地图的建筑信息管理（BIM）应用程序。此外，对自然威胁或人为威胁（即人为威胁）的研究和定性。正如正在进行的项目所建议的那样，自然风险可以分为两类：一种是灾难性的突发事件，如洪水或地震，对遗产遗址产生直接影响；另一种是具有累积和缓慢影响的持续威胁，如侵蚀和材料腐烂。人为风险源于许多不同的人类活动，包括一般的发展，特别是旅游业，以及不适当的管理、缺乏维护和忽视。

Given that a significant number of heritage sites in Canada and around the world are under constant (ongoing) pressure from a variety of risks (Natural disasters, development, tourism, pollution, inappropriate site management, negligent engineering works, looting and conflict) the long-term objective of this program is to develop a 5 dimensional (X, Y, Z, time and event) resource management information system that will enable the systematic identification of risk at world heritage sites, assessing their impact and the vulnerability of the heritage fabric using state-of-the-arts digital tools. This approach will take into consideration that these threats are dependent on the nature, specific characteristics, inherent resistance and geographical environment of the site where they are located. This would then enable researchers, site managers and concerned authorities to plan more in-depth engineering assessments and cost-benefit analysis, therefore mitigating risks more efficiently. The short-term objectives (next five years) of this research program involves the consolidation of a methodology for “risk assessment” at World Heritage Sites to develop the 5D (X,Y,Z, time and event) management of risk (UNESCO), the research will be conducted in Canada, building on the previous worked carried out in the past four years and the ongoing collaboration framework with institutions working in these areas. The work in these locations will involve three-dimensional recording tools (3D scanning and photogrammetry), Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and Building Information Management (BIM) applications for mapping World Heritage Sites. As well as, the study and characterization of threats that can be either natural or anthropogenic: that is, human-made. As suggested in the ongoing projects, natural risks can be divided into two categories: catastrophic and sudden occurrences, such as a flood or an earthquake, which have an immediate impact on heritage sites, and continuous threats with cumulative and slow effects, such as erosion and material decay. Anthropogenic risks result from a number of different human activities, including development in general and tourism in particular, and inappropriate management, lack of maintenance and neglect.