Robust design and modelling of solar houses: methodology and technologies

房屋(独立式和排式房屋)的直接太阳能获取(又名被动式太阳能)策略是显著减少家庭总能源使用的最具成本效益和最简单的方法之一。它们使用了大型高性能朝南窗户、耐热材料以及高水平的绝缘和气密性。然而，在使用建筑性能模拟(BPS)设计太阳能房屋时，必须对居住者和居住者的行为(例如，窗户开度、电器使用以及供暖和制冷设置点)做出许多假设--尽管[通常]高度不确定。因此，以优化设计为目标的设计者实际上是在围绕一组假设而不是真实的运行条件进行优化。一个更大的风险是，房屋的表现将对假设的准确性高度敏感，如果现实偏离假设，它的表现将逊于预期结果。

Direct solar gain (AKA passive solar) strategies in houses (detached and row houses) are among the most cost-effective and simplest approaches to significantly reducing total household energy use. They use a combination of large high-performance south-facing windows, thermally-massive materials, and high levels of insulation and air-tightness. However, when designing solar houses using building performance simulation (BPS) many assumptions must be made about occupancy and occupant behaviour (e.g., window openings, electrical appliance use, and heating and cooling setpoints) - despite an [often] high degree of uncertainty. Thus, designers aiming for optimal designs are actually optimizing around a set of assumptions rather than real operating conditions. A greater risk is that the house's performance will be highly-sensitive to the accuracy of the assumptions and that it will under-perform relative to predicted results if and when reality deviates from the assumptions.