Risk management of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) and lifecycle assessment (LCA) for a model aquatic centre

自20世纪初以来，市政当局一直试图通过对游泳池中的水进行消毒来提高游泳的安全性。然而，研究人员越来越多地将消毒副产物（DBPs）与从哮喘到癌症的各种健康影响联系起来。至关重要的是，要在游泳的积极益处、泳池水消毒的积极益处和接触DBPs可能对健康造成的负面影响之间找到平衡。虽然大量的研究已经解决了游泳池中DBPs的形成、发生、暴露和影响，但通过游泳池设计和管理策略来解决减少DBPs暴露的潜力的研究却很少。除了潜在的健康影响外，国际体育界已开始更加密切地关注体育及相关设施对环境的影响。能源消耗、水消耗和化学物质的使用（和潜在释放）是游泳池对环境产生影响的几种方式；然而，迄今为止，很少有研究对它们进行评估。本建议通过风险评估和生命周期评估（LCA）解决室内游泳池设施对人类健康和环境的影响。将通过模拟室内游泳池设施中DBP的发生和减少来处理对人类健康的影响。将提出泳池设计、运营和维护方面的人类健康风险管理策略，并利用泳池环境采样验证的环境暴露模型进行评估。建议的生命周期评估将评估公众游泳池在生命周期内对环境的影响。LCA技术将应用于新的UBC水上中心设施，作为一个案例研究，以估计典型公共游泳池在整个生命周期中的化学品、水和能源消耗。由此产生的对室内设施中dbp的形成和控制的理解，加上对与公共游泳池有关的环境影响的理解，将改善工业合作伙伴的游泳池设计和运营。LCA将作为进一步评估其他游泳池设施的框架。

Since the early 1900's, municipalities have tried to make swimming safer by disinfecting water in swimming pools. However, researchers are increasingly linking disinfection byproducts (DBPs) to health effects ranging from asthma to cancer. It is vital to find a balance between the positive benefits of swimming, the positive benefits of disinfection of pool water and the possible negative health effects due to exposure to DBPs. While significant research has addressed the formation, occurrence, exposure, and effects of exposure to DBPs in swimming pools, very little has been done to address the potential for reducing exposure to DBPs through pool design and management strategies. In addition to potential health impacts, the international sporting community has begun to focus more closely on the environmental impact of sports and related facilities. Energy consumption, water consumption and the use (and potential release) of chemicals are a few ways that swimming pools can have an impact on the environment; however, very little research has been done to date to evaluate them. This proposal addresses human health and environmental impacts of indoor swimming pool facilities through risk assessment and life cycle assessment (LCA). Human health impacts will be addressed through modelling DBP occurrence and reduction in indoor swimming pool facilities. Human-health risk management strategies in pool design, operation and maintenance will be proposed and evaluated using an environmental exposure model validated through sampling in the pool environment. The proposed LCA will assess the life cycle environmental implications of public swimming pools. LCA technique will be applied for the new UBC Aquatic Centre facility as a case study to estimate consumption of chemicals, water, and energy through the life cycle for a typical public swimming pool. The resulting understanding of the formation and control of DBPs in indoor facilities coupled with the understanding of the environmental impacts associated with public swimming pools will improve swimming pool design and operation by industrial partners. The LCA will serve as a framework for further assessment of other swimming pool facilities.