Structural Control Systems for Seismic and Wind Excitation

除了造成巨大的经济损失外，自然灾害对一个国家的负面社会影响是惊人的。例如，在2011年2月22日（6.3级）基督城地震（新西兰）期间，与加拿大的建筑物类似，大量建筑物受损无法修复，有几座倒塌。这导致182人死亡，中央商务区关闭数月。根据加拿大保险局（Insurance Bureau of Canada）最近委托的一份报告，在一次大地震中，加拿大很大一部分建筑将遭受严重破坏或完全倒塌。预计在魁北克-蒙特利尔-渥太华走廊发生大地震将造成600多亿加元的损失，如果在不列颠哥伦比亚省发生大地震，将造成近750亿加元的损失。基础隔离可用于减少地震引起的建筑物损坏和生命损失。此外，高层和柔性建筑容易受到风引起的运动，这可能导致居住者不适，结构构件力增加，建筑服务中断和建筑围护结构损坏。拟议的研究将侧重于通过开发经济的结构控制系统来减少建筑物对地震或风荷载的脆弱性，这将显著提高建筑物的性能。本提案中所描述的研究将推进结构控制系统的现有知识状态，并影响结构控制系统的实践状态，促进在地震或风激励下实现最大结构性能。通过实验测试和数值模拟，量化了新型部分粘结纤维增强弹性体隔震器（PB-FREI）、多调谐液体阻尼器（MTLD）以及两者组合在地震或风荷载下的性能。拟议研究的结果将为当前和下一代工程师提供新颖的设备和先进的设计工具，包括建筑规范条款和指导方针，从而实现更高水平的建筑性能。作为加拿大建筑业的重要组成部分，加拿大建筑业雇佣了超过100万人，消耗了该国40%的能源和50%的初级资源，价值1300亿美元的加拿大建筑市场需要经济高效的技术解决方案，包括具有成本效益的结构控制装置和混合结构控制系统。通过先进的抗震、风力和多种灾害应用结构控制设备，将实现更高水平的建筑性能。这将最终改善加拿大的基础设施，为加拿大社区提供经济、安全和有弹性的建筑。

In addition to inflicting massive economic losses, the negative societal impact a natural disaster can have on a country is astounding. For example, during the 22 February 2011 (M6.3) Christchurch earthquake (New Zealand) a large number of buildings, similar to buildings in Canada, were damaged beyond repair and several collapsed. This resulted in 182 fatalities and closure of the central business district for months. According to a recent report commissioned by the Insurance Bureau of Canada, a substantial portion of Canada’s building stock will experience severe damage or complete collapse during a major earthquake. It is expected that a major earthquake in the Quebec City-Montreal-Ottawa corridor will result in losses of more than C$60 billion, and nearly C$75 billion if a major earthquake were to occur in British Columbia. Base isolation can be utilized to reduce earthquake-induced building damage and loss of life. Furthermore, high-rise and flexible buildings are vulnerable to wind induced motions, which can lead to occupant discomfort, increased structural member forces, building service interruptions and building envelope damage. The proposed research will focus on reducing the vulnerability of buildings to seismic or wind loading through the development of economical structural control systems that will significantly improve building performance. The research described in this proposal will advance the current state-of-knowledge and impact the state-of-practice in structural control systems, facilitating the attainment of maximal structural performance under seismic or wind excitation. Through experimental testing and numerical modelling, the performance of buildings equipped with novel partially bonded fiber reinforced elastomeric isolators (PB-FREI) under seismic loading, multiple tuned liquid dampers (MTLD) under wind excitation, and combinations of both devices under seismic or wind loading will be quantified. Findings from the proposed research will equip current and next generation engineers with novel devices and advanced design tools, including building code provisions and guidelines, enabling higher levels of building performance to be achieved. As an integral part of Canada’s construction industry, which employs over a million people, and consumes 40% of the country's energy and 50% of its primary resources, the $130 billion Canadian building market is in need of economical performance-based technical solutions, including cost-effective structural control devices and hybrid structural control systems. By advancing structural control devices for seismic, wind and multiple hazard applications, higher levels of building performance will be achieved. This will ultimately improve Canada’s infrastructure, providing Canadian communities with economical, safe and resilient buildings.