Quantifying groundwater discharge to surface reservoirs

在过去50年中，全球地下水开采率至少增加了两倍。气候变化、森林砍伐或城市化增加了对地下水资源的额外压力。这些压力是非常当前的重要性，地下水位下降，现在已经记录在美国的每一个州，可能危及河流基流和地下水依赖的生态系统。建立或破坏全球微波-短波连接的条件、触发器和阈值仍然知之甚少。在未来几年，我的长期目标将是制定创新办法，以量化含水层向地表水库的排放，并量化排放对自然和人为变化的可能性。我的短期目标是：（1）制定一个以科学为基础的地下水向地表水库排放的类型学;（2）量化通常确定地下水排放的中尺度;（3）确定可用于确定排放变化的反映当前状况的指标。每个目标将通过进行两项HQP研究来实现。PhD 1将专注于使用高精度地形LiDAR数据限制地下水排放区域的位置。硕士1将旨在更好地了解如何在流量的短期变化是由地质和水文条件的影响。博士2将旨在了解中尺度的驱动力和条件，在加拿大南部典型的水文地质背景下地下水排放。MSC 2将重点关注中尺度补给的过程，包括冻结和融化。博士3将解开理解整个圣劳伦斯低地地下水排放的复杂问题，并制定地下水排放指标。MSC 3将使用目标流域模型的子集来确定气候变化、土地利用变化和缓解措施对地下水排放的影响。最先进的实地工作和适用于各种条件的建模方法的结合是独特和原创的。这项研究将填补驱动地下水排放的过程和规模的知识空白，提供估计当前条件和确定未来压力的新方法。预计它将产生基准、高引用率的出版物。这将通过HQP（3个博士，3个硕士，2个学士）的培训成为可能，他们将参加水文地质学领域顶级研究人员的独特多学科团队。他们将准备面对复杂的现场和建模工作共同水文地质和环境研究。该研究计划有可能改变地下水纳入水管理政策的方式，并有助于提高依赖地下水的生态系统和地下水资源的恢复力。

Over the past 50 years, the global groundwater extraction rate has at least tripled. Climate change, deforestation or urbanization add additionnal pressures on groundwater resources. These stresses are of very current importance, as groundwater level declines have now been recorded in every state of the USA, possibly jeopardizing river baseflows and groundwater dependent ecosystems. The conditions, triggers and thresholds under which gw-sw connectivity is established or compromised are still poorly understood. In the coming years, my long-term objective will be to develop innovative approaches to quantifying aquifer discharge to surface reservoirs and to quantifying the vulnerabilty of discharge to natural and human-induced changes. My short-term objectives are: 1) to develop a science-based typology of groundwater discharge to surface reservoirs; 2) to quantify the meso-scale at which groundwater discharge is usually determined; and 3) to define indicators reflecting current conditions that can be used to identify discharge changes. Each objective will be met by undertaking two HQP studies. PhD1 will focus on constraining the location of groundwater discharge areas using high-precision topographic LiDAR data. MSc1 will aim at better understanding how short-term changes in discharge are influenced by geological and hydrological conditions. PhD2 will aim at understanding the meso-scale driving forces and conditions governing groundwater discharge in hydrogeological contexts typical of southern Canada. MSc2 will focus on the processes responsable for meso-scale recharge, including freezing and thawing. PhD3 will disentangle the complex problem of understanding groundwater discharge for the entire St. Lawrence Lowlands and develop indicators of groundwater discharge. MSc3 will use a subset of the models of targeted watersheds to determine the impacts of climate change, land use change and mitigation measures on groundwater discharge. The combination of state-of-the-art field work and modelling approaches applied for a variety of conditions is unique and original. This research will fill knowledge gaps on the processes and scales driving groundwater discharge, provide new ways of estimating current conditions and identify future pressures. It is expected to produce benchmark, highly cited publications. This will be made possible by the training of HQP (3 PhD, 3 MSc, 2 BSc) who will participate in a unique multi-disciplinary team of top researchers in the field of hydrogeology. They will be prepared to face the complexity of field and modelling work common to hydrogeology and environmental studies. This research program has the potential to change the way groundwater is included in water management policies and to contribute to the resilience of groundwater dependent ecosystems and groundwater resources.