Upgrades to the ATLAS Detector at the LHC

这里申请的资金用于支持旨在升级欧洲核子研究中心大型强子对撞机(LHC)ATLAS探测器的研发工作，以确保探测器的性能在所谓的高光度LHC(HL-LHC)阶段保持不变，届时光度(与束流强度和碰撞率有关)将高达LHC和ATLAS最初设计时的7.5倍。未来的大型强子对撞机计划已被确认为欧洲粒子物理学的首要任务，大型强子对撞机和ATLAS的未来运行是安全的。ATLAS探测器需要升级才能以HL-LHC预期的更高速率运行，而保持加拿大对ATLAS的参与包括加拿大对这一升级计划的重大参与。 在HL-LHC上的碰撞将导致ATLAS中更多的粒子，并相应地增加沉积的能量。Atlas不是为这种环境设计的，它的某些部分需要升级。追踪带电粒子轨迹的内部探测器将需要完全更换。新的探测器名为ITK，将完全由硅探测器模块建造。这将是一项巨大的努力，需要大约一半的ATLAS研究所参与。加拿大对最初探测器的大部分贡献都来自液体Argon量热计，它也需要进行一些升级；为了适应更高的辐射剂量和预期的综合辐射剂量，读出电子设备将需要完全更换。 这家加拿大集团计划参与跟踪器升级(ITK)的建设，并为液体Argon热量计读出电子设备的升级做出贡献。电子产品工作将从该集团已经参与的第一阶段升级工作中自然地继续下去。在此申请资金用于相关研发，约一半用于购买ITK硅带原型模块的组件(硅传感器、ASIC、电子板)，以及生产和测试这些模块所需的设备。这是正在为ITK模块建造地点制定的ATLAS“现场验证”过程中的一个必要步骤。这家加拿大集团计划在多伦多和温哥华的TRIUMF建造两个地点，一个中心在多伦多，另一个在温哥华的TRIUMF，该探测器需要大约18000个模块中的1500个。为了进行场地鉴定，这里需要资金，用于在西部场地生产和测试15个原型模块。在去年的比赛中，为东部场地的资格提供了支持。此外，我们还要求提供研发资金，用于开发用于硅模块的运输容器，以及用于组件和传感器的其他测试设备，例如用于长期测试构成ITK读数第一阶段的混合板的板条箱。

The funds requested here are in support of R&D efforts targeted at upgrades of the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN, to ensure that the performance of the detector is maintained into the so-called High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) phase, when the luminosity (related to the beam intensity and collision rate) will be up to 7.5 times that for which the LHC and ATLAS were originally designed. The future LHC program has been affirmed as the top priority of European particle physics, and the future of LHC and ATLAS operations is secure. The ATLAS detector requires upgrades to operate at the increased rates expected at the HL-LHC, and maintaining Canadian involvement in ATLAS includes significant Canadian participation in this upgrade program. Collisions at the HL-LHC will result in a larger number of particles in ATLAS, with a corresponding increases in the amount of energy deposited. ATLAS was not designed for this environment, and some parts of it will need to be upgraded. The Inner Detector, which tracks the trajectories of charged particles, will need to entirely replaced. The new detector, called the ITk, will be built entirely of silicon detector modules. This will be an enormous effort, requiring the involvement of about half of the ATLAS institutes. The Liquid Argon Calorimeter, where the bulk of the Canadian contributions to the original detector were made, will also need some upgrades; to adapt to the higher rate, and the anticipated integrated radiation dose, the readout electronics will need to be entirely replaced. The Canadian group plans to be involved in the construction of the tracker upgrade (ITk) and to contribute to the upgrades of the Liquid Argon Calorimeter readout electronics. The electronics work would follow on naturally from Phase-I upgrade work that the group is already involved in. Funds are requested here for related R&D. About half of the request is for the purchase of components (silicon sensors, ASICs, electronics boards) for prototype ITk silicon-strip modules, and for equipment necessary for the production and testing of these modules. This is a required step in the ATLAS “site-validation” process being developed for the ITk module construction sites. The Canadian group plans to build 1500 of the roughly 18000 modules needed for the “Strips” portion of this detector, at two sites, one centred at Toronto and the other at TRIUMF in Vancouver. For site qualification, funds are requested here for the production and testing of 15 prototype modules at the western site. Support for the qualification of the eastern site was provided in last year’s competition. We additionally request funds for R&D related to the development of shipping containers for the silicon modules, and other test equipment for components and sensors, e.g. crates for long-term testing of the hybrid boards that form the first stage of the ITk readout.