New Discoveries from Colliders and Cosmology

我的研究涉及自然界的基本组成部分。我进行计算的目的是弄清楚这些基本成分可能是什么，以及它们如何相互作用。这些计算的结果有助于指导实验工作，以更详细的水平发现和探索我们是由什么组成的。通过结合实验测量和理论计算，我们希望在最基本的水平上了解宇宙。我研究的主要课题是研究为什么弱力比强力或电磁力弱得多。我们对此最好的解释依赖于一种叫做希格斯玻色子的粒子。最近，在大型强子对撞机（LHC）实验中发现了一种新粒子，它具有与希格斯玻色子相对应的性质。我研究的一个重要部分是解释LHC的数据，试图弄清楚新粒子是否是希格斯粒子，以及是否可能发现其他新粒子。我研究的第二个重要课题是将我们所知道的基本粒子与天文尺度上的宇宙结构联系起来。我研究的一个具体的难题是为什么物质比反物质多。在地球上，就我们在天文学中所能观察到的而言，宇宙几乎完全由物质组成。然而，我们对基本粒子的描述几乎是以同样的方式对待物质和反物质，不能解释物质的过剩。在我的研究中，我研究了某些类型的新粒子如何有助于产生额外的物质。

My research deals with the elementary building blocks of nature. I perform calculations with the goal of figuring out what these fundamental constituents could be and how they interact with each other. The results of these calculations help to guide experimental efforts to discover and probe what we are made of at an ever more detailed level. By combining experimental measurements and theoretical calculations, we hope to understand the Universe at its most basic level. The main topic of my research is investigating why the weak force is so much weaker than the strong force or electromagnetism. Our best explanation for this relies on a particle called the Higgs boson. Recently, a new particle with the right properties to be the Higgs has been discovered at the Large Hadron Collider~(LHC) experiment. An important part of my research is to interpret data from the LHC to try to figure out whether the new particle is the Higgs and if there might be other new particles to be discovered. A second important topic of my research is connecting what we know about elementary particles to the structure of the Universe over astronomical scales. A specific puzzle that I investigate is why there is more matter than antimatter. On the Earth and also as far as we can observe in astronomy, the Universe consists almost entirely of matter. However, our description of elementary particles treats matter and antimatter in nearly the same way, and cannot account for the excess of matter. In my research I look at how certain types of new particles might help to generate the extra matter.