Design of hydropower intakes for run-of-the-river power plant and decision support system for low impact development master planning

由于拥有丰富的水资源，加拿大的水利工程师不断开发建模技术来有效地管理水资源。加拿大两个重要的水管理领域是水力发电和城市低影响发展。(1)对于流水式电站，进水口水力学在发电和维修方面都会影响水轮机运行。对于流入水电厂的水很复杂的情况，需要物理模型和数值模型来评估缓解阻碍水轮机运行和维护的流动循环的设计方案。该项目的第一部分将调查影响水轮机运行和维护的径流水电站复杂的进口水力条件。使用物理比例模型和数值模拟，将开发适当的建模技术，以协助设计进口，减少复杂的进口液压对涡轮机运行和维护的影响。(2)城市化在洪涝、水质退化、生态破坏和水土流失等方面造成了严重的径流问题。传统的径流技术（如下游雨水池）不能充分解决这些问题。城市低影响开发技术（lid）已在加拿大推广，以恢复开发前的水平衡和减少源头的水污染。然而，由于缺乏数据来确定可行的LID，在流域基础上有效评估替代LID计划的绩效，适当的成本效益分析，以及利用公私合作方式实施LID，许多加拿大市政当局仍然面临着规划LID的挑战。该项目的第二部分将侧重于发展一个决策支持系统，以促进LID的总体规划。拟议项目的研究成果将改进顺流水电站的设计，促进加拿大总体LID规划的制定，并促进培养这些领域的高素质人才，从而为加拿大带来显著的经济、环境和社会效益。

Blessed with enormous water resources, Canada's water engineers have continuously developed modelling techniques to manage water effectively. Two important water management areas in Canada are hydropower generation and urban low impact development. (1) For run-of-the-river power generation stations, inlet hydraulics will affect turbine operation in terms of power generation and maintenance. For situations at which water inflow into the hydropower plant is complex, both physical and numerical models are needed to evaluate design alternatives that alleviate flow circulations that inhibit turbine operation and maintenance. The first part of the project will investigate the complex inlet hydraulic conditions of run-of-the-river hydropower plants that affect turbine operation and maintenance. Using both physical scale models and numerical simulations, appropriate modelling techniques will be developed to assist the design of inlets which reduce the impact of complex inlet hydraulics on turbine operation and maintenance. (2) Urbanization has caused serious runoff problems in terms of flooding, water quality degradation, ecological damages and receiving water erosion. Conventional runoff techniques (e.g. downstream stormwater ponds) cannot address these problems sufficiently. Urban low impact development techniques (LIDs) have been promoted in Canada to restore pre-development water balance and reduce water pollution at the source. However, the planning of LIDs remains a challenge to many Canadian municipalities due to the lack of data to identify feasible LIDs, effective evaluation performance of alternative LID plans on a watershed basis, proper cost-effectiveness analysis, and implementation of LID utilizing the public-private partnership approach. The second part of the project will focus on the development of a decision support system to facilitate LID master planning. The research findings of the proposed project will improve the design of run-of-the-river hydropower stations and facilitate the development of master LID plans in Canada as well as lead to the training of highly qualified personnel in these fields, thus bringing significant economic, environmental and social benefits to Canada.