Long-lived, high energy density and low-cost lithium-ion batteries for automotive, grid energy and medical applications

用于汽车的锂离子电池必须满足比便携式电子产品更严格的要求。特别是，它们必须持续10年，承受超过3000次充电放电循环，并承受极端温度。汽车应用对锂离子电池提出了低成本、高能量密度的要求，电网和离网储能应用对锂离子电池也提出了类似的要求.长寿命和循环寿命，在这种情况下需要30年和10，000次循环。降低成本再次成为首要关注的问题，而能量密度则不是一个重要因素。医疗应用的锂离子电池具有长寿命、高能量密度和高温要求，与汽车应用的锂离子电池不同，尽管它们对成本不敏感。汽车应用的锂离子电池要求，电力应用和医疗应用有很大的重叠，针对一种应用的电池的进步可以在另一种应用中共享应用领域。因此，我们在本提案中纳入了来自汽车（GM）、汽车电池（Magna）、电力公司（NSP）、医疗（Medtronic）和电池材料公司（3M）的非竞争性合作伙伴。用于长寿命应用的锂离子电池的循环和日历寿命将使用先进的诊断方法进行表征，包括高精度库仑法、微分电容分析和自动电池储存。电极材料涂层、电解质添加剂、电解质溶剂、新电极材料、温度、电位范围等对电池寿命的影响将由palmers在生产和原型电池上进行探索，这些原型电池包含各种实验材料，其中一些材料将由3M公司提供。目标之一是快速确定这些电池的化学成分和工作范围，从而获得最佳的循环和日历寿命。二是通过科学技术交流，将先进的诊断方法转移到合作实验室。

Lithium-ion batteries for automotive applications must meet more stringent requirements thau those forportable electronics. In particular, they must last for 10 years, sustain over 3000 charge discharge cycles andwithstand extremes of temperature. Automotive applications demand Li-ion batteries of low cost and highenergy density.Grid and off-grid energy storage applications for Li-ion batteries have similar requirements. Long lifetimesand cycle lives, in this case 30 years and 10,000 cycles are required. Cost reduction is again a prime concern,while energy density is less of a factor.Li-ion batteries for medical applications have long lifetime, high energy density and elevated temperaturerequirements, not unlike those for automotive, although they are not as cost sensitive.Li-ion battely requirements for automotive, electric utility and medical applications overlap significantly andadvances in batteries targeted for one application can be shared across the other application areas. Therefore,we have included non-competing partners from automotive (GM), automotive battely (Magna), electric utility(NSP), medical (Medtronic) and battely materials (3M) in this proposal.The cycle and calendar life of Li-ion batteries destined for long-lifetime applications will be characterizedusing advanced diagnostic methods, including high precision coulometry, differential capacity analysis andautomated cell storage. The impact of electrode material coatings, electrolyte additives, electrolyte solvents,new electrode materials, temperature, potential range, etc. on cell lifetime will be explored with the palmers onproduction and on prototype cells which incorporate a wide range of experimental materials, some of whichwill be provided by 3M Co. One goal will be to rapidly identify those cell chemistries and operating rangesthat give optimum cycle and calendar life. Another will be to transfer the advanced diagnostic methods to thepartner labs through scientific and technical exchange.