Environmental and hormonal control of seed development and germination

植物由于其固着的性质而面临许多生物和非生物胁迫，并且已经进化出各种策略，通过这些策略它们可以有效地平衡生长和对胁迫物的防御。植物所采用的策略是在任何给定时刻保持适当的激素平衡。植物激素是小分子，其信号通路相互作用，共同形成一个复杂的串扰网络，调节植物对环境压力的反应。激素脱落酸（阿坝）对于启动植物内的应激反应、抑制生长和促进在各种应激下的存活至关重要。无论植物受到何种类型的胁迫，其结果都是能量剥夺，激活能量传感器以维持能量稳态。SnRK 1（Sucrose non-fermenting Related Kinase 1）是酵母Snf 1和哺乳动物AMPK能量传感器的植物直系同源物。值得注意的是，AMPK是一种代谢肿瘤抑制因子，目前是癌症和糖尿病治疗和预防的靶点。SnRK 1激活诱导代谢应激下的大转录重编程以保存能量。尽管这些必需的激酶复合物在能量稳态中起着关键作用，但已知的靶点很少。SnRK 1和阿坝信号通路在胁迫响应过程中相互交叉以促进存活，然而，这种相互作用的机制尚不清楚。

Plants face a multitude of biotic and abiotic stresses due to their sessile nature and have evolved various strategies through which they can effectively balance growth and defense against stressors. A strategy employed by plants is to maintain an appropriate hormone balance at any given moment. Plant hormones are small molecules whose signaling pathways interact, together forming a complex crosstalk network that regulates the plant’s response to environmental stressors. The hormone abscisic acid (ABA) is critical for initiating a stress response within the plant, inhibiting growth and promoting survival under various stresses. Regardless of the type of stress that plants are exposed to, the result is energy deprivation that activates energy sensors to maintain energy homeostasis. SnRK1 (Sucrose non-fermenting Related Kinase1) is the plant ortholog of yeast Snf1 and mammalian AMPK energy sensors. Notably, AMPK is a metabolic tumour suppressor, currently a target for cancer and diabetes treatment and prevention. SnRK1 activation induces large transcriptional reprogramming under metabolic stress to conserve energy. Despite the pivotal role of these essential kinase complexes in energy homeostasis, few targets are known. SnRK1 and ABA signaling pathways intersect during stress responses to promote survival, however, the mechanism of this interaction is unclear.