Neural mechanisms of perceiving dynamic real-world environments

人们被一个复杂的动态世界所包围，这个世界的特点是大量的景象和声音。例如，当他们在森林中徒步旅行时，他们可能会看到前方灌木丛中勾勒出的路径，或者他们可能会发现一些鹿;他们可能会听到附近的溪流潺潺作响，或者树梢在风中摇摆。另一方面，当人们从有轨电车里走出来，走上忙碌的城市街道时，可能会看到高楼大厦、人行道上的行人或街上的汽车;他们可能会听到远处的引擎声或警笛声。特定的环境有助于塑造人们的行为，如导航，避免威胁，视觉搜索或记忆编码。

People are surrounded by a complex dynamic world characterized by a multitude of sights and sounds. When hiking in the woods, for instance, they may see the path outlined in the undergrowth ahead, or perhaps they may spot some deer; they may hear a stream purling nearby or the treetops swaying in the wind. Stepping out of a streetcar onto a busy city street, on the other hand, people may see tall buildings, pedestrians on the sidewalks or cars in the street; they may hear engine noises or a police siren in the distance. The particular environment contributes to shaping people’s behaviour for tasks such as navigation, threat avoidance, visual search or memory encoding.