Instrumental Innovations for Membrane Introduction Mass Spectrometry

在真实的世界样品中痕量水平的分子的鉴定和测量是分析化学的最终目标。不幸的是，在复杂的、真实世界的样品（城市废水、血液、尿液、组织液等）中进行的痕量水平测量是不可能的。可能被样品的其他主要成分（干扰物）混淆，对成功的结果产生不利影响。直接测定是可取的，因为它们简单，并且可以降低由于污染或稀释而改变结果的风险。成功测量真实的样品中环境和人类健康的关键决定因素（农药、激素、药物、代谢物等）这是具有挑战性的，因为许多当前的分析需要样品净化、浓缩和其他制备步骤，增加了时间和成本，以及潜在的污染或稀释样品的风险。

The identification and measurement of trace levels of molecules in real world samples is the end goal of analytical chemistry. Unfortunately, trace level measurements made in complicated, real-world samples (municipal waste water, blood, urine, tissue fluids, etc.) can be confounded by the other, major components of the samples (interferents), adversely affecting successful results. Direct determinations are desirable, because they are simple, and can reduce the risk of altering the results through contamination or dilution. The successful measurement of key determinants of environmental and human health in real samples (pesticides, hormones, drugs, metabolites, etc.) is challenging because many current analyses require sample cleanup, concentration and other preparation steps, adding both time and cost, as well as the risk of potential contamination or dilution of the samples.