Looking inside matter and antimatter with ultra-violet and extreme ultra-violet lasers

现代科学越来越广泛地依赖于利用技术先进的光谱学形式。在医学、生物学、物理学、化学和材料科学等不同领域，人们不断努力开发新的光谱工具和技术，因为它们在产生新的直觉、概念和理解方面发挥着重要作用。具体而言，材料的光谱研究使微观，纳米甚至量子特性的知识（并最终控制），这些特性反过来直接影响宏观物理特性。在这个研究项目中，我继续我的努力在紫外（UV）和极紫外（XUV）光谱两个相关的主题：新的激光源/技术的发展和使用它们在创新的光谱应用。光谱研究的一个关键组成部分是激光源，在许多情况下，目前的UV/XUV实验受到可用的激光技术的限制。在XUV区域内，我们采用了一种新的方法来实现高分辨率，基于激光的桌面XUV源。利用这个独特的来源和合作者，我们将继续平衡高能量分辨率角分辨光发射光谱学研究，以追求当今凝聚态物理学中一些最紧迫的课题。此外，我们将开发我们的XUV源的改进，使飞秒时间尺度上的电子动力学的广泛研究。凭借前所未有的光谱范围，从红外线到紫外线到极紫外线，这种新光源将开辟更广泛的材料研究。此外，它将使我们能够解开这些设计的量子固体中强关联电子行为的基本激发。也许最有趣的是，它还可以让我们在这些固体中诱导新的量子态，这些量子态在其他情况下是无法获得的。在第二项研究工作中，我们正在与国际合作者进行精确的氢光谱学研究。氢是最简单的原子，在实验上确认几个基本物理定律方面发挥了关键作用。随着它的电荷共轭现在可用（反氢），一个更扩大的托盘现在可用。为此，我们正在开发几种用于冷却和探测氢气的紫外激光系统。使用这些新的激光工具与我们的合作者一起进行测量，我们将把测量不确定性推向10^15水平，用于引力研究，基本“常数”可能漂移的测试以及宇宙的物质反物质不平衡。

Modern science relies more and more extensively on the utilization of technologically advanced forms of spectroscopy. In fields as diverse as medicine, biology, physics, chemistry, and material science, there is a constant effort to develop novel spectroscopic tools and techniques as they play a fundamental role in the generation of new intuition, concepts, and understandings. Specifically, spectroscopic investigations of materials enable the knowledge of (and ultimately the control over) microscopic, nanoscopic and even quantum characteristics that in turn directly influence macroscopic physical properties. In this research program, I continue my efforts on ultra-violet (UV) and extreme ultra-violet (XUV) spectroscopy on two related topics: development of new laser sources/technology and use of them in innovative spectroscopic applications.A critical component in spectroscopic studies is the laser source and, in many cases, present UV/XUV experiments are limited by the available laser technology. Within the XUV region, we have employed a new approach to realize a high-resolution, laser-based, tabletop XUV source. Using this unique source and with collaborators, we will continue equilibrium high-energy-resolution angle-resolved photo-emission spectroscopy studies in pursuit of some of most pressing topics today in condensed matter physics. In addition, we will develop refinements of our XUV source to enable a wide study of electron dynamics on a femtosecond time scale. With an unprecedented spectral range that spans the infrared through the ultra-violet to the extreme ultra-violet, this new source will open up a much wider range of materials to study. Moreover, it will allow us to disentangle the elementary excitations responsible for strongly correlated electron behavior in these designed quantum solids. And perhaps most intriguingly it could also allow us to induce new quantum states in these solids that are otherwise not accessible. In a second research effort we are pursuing precision hydrogen spectroscopy with international collaborators. Hydrogen is the simplest atom and has played a key role in experimentally confirming several fundamental physical laws. With its charge conjugate now available (antihydrogen) an even more expanded pallet is now available. Towards this end, we are developing several UV laser systems required to cool and probe hydrogen. Using these new laser tools in measurements with our collaborators, we will push measurement uncertainties towards a part in 10^15 level for studies of gravitational force, tests of possible drifts in fundamental “constants”, and the universe’s matter antimatter imbalance.