The fate and toxicity of Arctic soil pollutants: how humans poison Arctic soils and how Arctic soils poison humans.

这项研究计划的长期目标是了解在北极环境下人类如何毒害土壤以及土壤如何毒害人类。短期目标是：(1)描述碳氢化合物污染如何影响北极高原沙漠；(2)描述北极人民如何暴露于土壤结合污染物。极地沙漠覆盖了加拿大北极地区的大片岛屿，但人们对这些沙漠的土壤生态系统知之甚少。我假设，在极地沙漠中存在的分类圈中，有一种深层的、多产的土壤物质，叫做Bhy。我假设这些肥沃的土壤是北极沙漠的重要组成部分，对这些生态系统的长期生存至关重要。在接下来的五年里，我们将在三个不同的极地沙漠中调查这些Bhy，以表征这些深层土壤层的生态学和重要性。一旦我们确定了这些土壤的生态特征，我们将评估碳氢化合物对地下生态的毒性。许多北极城镇尘土飞扬，没有铺设路面，因此碳氢化合物很容易从北极土壤转移到人类身上。我假设新的环境模型将能够预测碳氢化合物从土壤到人类的转移。我们将通过描述碳氢化合物如何从土壤转移到动物身上来评估这一点，并将结果与我们的计算结果进行比较。如果我们的计算不起作用，我们将评估小型生化反应器如何表征碳氢化合物向人类的转移。这将使我们能够在现场风险评估中取代动物的使用，并允许监管机构更新他们的模型，以了解碳氢化合物如何从土壤转移到北极人身上。在加拿大，环境保护标准必须同时保护生态系统和人类。该项目将提供更新加拿大北极地区环境保护标准所需的生态和人类数据。

The long term objectives of this research program are to understand how humans poison soil and how soil poisons humans in an Arctic context. The short term objectives are to: (1) characterize how hydrocarbon pollution impacts High Arctic deserts and (2) describe how Arctic peoples are exposed to soil bound pollutants. Polar deserts cover a vast area of the islands in the Canadian Arctic but very little is known about the soil ecosystems of these deserts. I hypothesize that within the sorted circles present in Polar Deserts, there is a deep, productive soil material, called a Bhy. I hypothesize that these Bhy soils are a critical component of the Arctic deserts and are essential to the long term survival on these ecosystems. Over the next five years, we will investigate these Bhy's in three different polar deserts to characterize the ecology and importance of these deep soil horizons. Once we have characterized the ecology of these Bhy soils, we will evaluate how toxic hydrocarbons are to this subsurface ecology. Many Arctic towns are dusty and unpaved and thus, hydrocarbons can readily transfer from Arctic soils to humans. I hypothesize that new environmental models will be able to predict the transfer of hydrocarbons from soil to humans. We will evaluate this by characterizing how hydrocarbons transfer from soils to animals and compare the results to our calculations. If our calculations don't work, we will evaluate how small biochemical reactors can characterize the transfer of hydrocarbons to humans. This will allow us to replace the use of animals in site risk assessment and allow regulators to update their models on how hydrocarbons move from soils to Arctic peoples. In Canada, environmental protection standards must protect ecosystems and humans at the same time. This project will provide the ecological and human data needed to update environmental protection standards in Canada's Arctic.