Development of Methods to Measure and Monitor Pedestrian Exposure for Planning, Design, Operation, and Maintenance of Transportation Infrastructure.

步行需要满足用户需求的合适基础设施。为了在市区(或郊区)适当地容纳行人，首先必须了解不同类型的使用者对系统的需求(即按一天中的时间、一周中的某一天和季节、不同类型的土地用途计算的行人出行量)。行人曝露数据的典型应用是：1。指导人行道、人行横道和其他行人设施的设计。评估与行人相关的基础设施的效果。根据碰撞率识别高危区域，进行安全分析。帮助确定行人基础设施改善的优先顺序。开发预测土地开发或交通系统内其他实施变化后的行人交通量的模型。6.客观地解决行人问题在规划过程中的优先地位。在国内和国际上，缺乏行人交通数据被认为是适当规划、设计、运营和维护与行人有关的基础设施的最大障碍之一。事实上，目前还没有系统的方法来估计行人在交通工程应用中的暴露程度，因此，涉及与行人相关的基础设施的决定是在没有对行人居住需求的性质进行必要了解的情况下做出的。尽管交通工程专业人员已经开始开发不同的行人监测方法，但他们认识到，需要更多的研究来找到一种系统的方法来估计行人交通暴露。例如，迫切需要用更稳健的统计方法为所有类型的土地用途制定行人交通模式，并调查城市地区行人交通的时间特征。拟议研究的目的是设计和验证可供交通工程研究人员和实践者使用的方法，以系统地估计基础设施规划、设计、运营和维护中的行人交通暴露。由此产生的方法将有助于开发行人交通监测系统，该系统：(1)响应工程研究人员和从业人员的信息需求；(2)保持用于分析的数据的真实性；(3)促进整个北美的一致实践；(4)保持用于分析的基础数据的完整性；以及(5)支持未来的灵活性。这些都是驱动交通监控的原则，也应该成为行人交通监控计划的一部分。这项研究将有助于安全和公平地容纳城市道路工程基础设施中的行人，帮助增加积极的生活，通过步行。

Walking requires suitable infrastructure that meets the needs of users. To properly accommodate pedestrians in an urban (or rural) area, it is essential to first understand the demand on the system (i.e., pedestrian exposure in terms of volumes by time of day, day of week and season, for different types of land use) by different types of users. Typical applications of pedestrian exposure data are:1. To guide the design of sidewalks, crosswalks, and other pedestrian facilities.2. To evaluate the effectiveness of pedestrian-related infrastructure.3. To conduct safety analysis by identifying areas of high risk based on collision rates.4. To aid in prioritization of pedestrian infrastructure improvements.5. To develop models that predict pedestrian traffic volumes after a land development or other implemented changes within a transportation system. 6. To objectively address the priority of pedestrian issues in the planning process.The lack of pedestrian traffic data has been identified, nationally and internationally, as one of the most significant barriers to the proper planning, designing, operation, and maintenance of pedestrian-related infrastructure. In fact, there is currently no systematic method to estimate pedestrian exposure for transportation engineering applications, and as a result, decisions involving pedestrian-related infrastructure are made without the required knowledge about the nature of the demand for pedestrian accommodation. Although transportation engineering professionals have begun to develop different pedestrian monitoring methods, they recognize that more research is required to find a systematic way of estimating pedestrian traffic exposure. For example, there is a great need to develop pedestrian traffic patterns for all types of land uses with more robust statistical methods, and to investigate the temporal characteristics of pedestrian traffic in urban areas. The purpose of the proposed research is to design and validate methods that can be used by transportation engineering researchers and practitioners to systematically estimate pedestrian traffic exposure for infrastructure planning, design, operations and maintenance. The resulting methods will contribute to the development of pedestrian traffic monitoring systems which: (1) respond to the information needs of engineering researchers and practitioners; (2) maintain truth in the data used for analysis; (3) promote consistent practice throughout North America; (4) maintain the integrity of the base data used for analysis; and (5) support future flexibility. These are the principles that drive traffic monitoring and which should also become part of a pedestrian traffic monitoring program.This research will assist with the safe and equitable accommodation of pedestrians in urban road engineering infrastructure, helping to increase active living, through walking.