Experimental Studies of Dynamic River Ice Processes

河冰堵塞是许多加拿大社区的主要关切，因为它们对生命和财产都构成了重大威胁。冰塞是危险的，因为它们可以非常迅速地形成，并且通常比公开水域事件(例如塞尔柯克，MB)导致更高的洪水水位。它们还会迅速释放，造成危险的冰浪和水浪(例如，阿肯色州麦克默里堡)。2009年红河结冰造成的洪水使该省防洪基础设施的极限变得紧张，因为没有足够的预测模型，不得不匆忙开发，以应对迅速上升的水位。据估计，地震期间水位在4小时内上升了1.22米，总上升了2.8米。由于水位的急剧上升，很难充分警告当地居民，因此红河沿岸易发洪水的房产被买断了440万美元。

River ice jams are of major concern to many Canadian communities as they pose a significant threat to both lives and property. Ice jams are dangerous because they can form very rapidly, and typically cause higher flood levels than open water events (e.g. Selkirk, MB). They can also release quickly, creating dangerous surges of ice and water (e.g. Fort McMurray, AB). Flooding in 2009 caused by ice jams on the Red River strained the limits of the province’s flood control infrastructure as adequate predictive models were not available and had to be hurriedly developed in response to rapidly increasing water levels. It is estimated that water levels during the event rose 1.22 m in 4 hours, with a total rise of 2.8 m. This prompted a $4.4 million buyout program for flood-prone properties along the Red River as the dramatic rise in water level made it difficult to adequately warn the local residents.