Farming algae; nutrient stoichiometry for microalgae cultured on wastewaters of variable quality

利用微藻对废水进行生物修复，同时生产生物燃料和附加值生物产品，是当前科学文献中反映的一个迅速扩大和发展的感兴趣领域。许多早期的调查注意力和研究方法集中在该技术的废水工程方面。然而，最近对微藻的兴趣导致了将基础工程背景整合到更广泛的跨学科研究平台中，其中还包括细胞生物学和藻类学研究方案。然而，目前对废水和藻类生物燃料研究的强烈兴趣并没有得到同样持续的过程建模活动的配合，如果要实现可持续生产管理，就必须解决这一问题。此外，废水养分利用主要考虑在处理方面，而较少用于优化藻类生产。使问题复杂化的是，废水来源广泛，因此具有广泛的性质。考虑到藻类物种利用某种化学形式和某些浓度和比例的营养物质的能力可能会有所不同，对废水参数和藻类需求（两者都是动力学特性）的充分了解将有利于藻类培养。然而，对现有文献的审查表明，实验结果的报告没有遵循标准化的协议，因此同行评审文献中的大部分信息并不总是容易解释，比较或复制。这导致了实验结果报告的不一致性，从而限制了协调一致的方法，从而限制了技术的更快发展。

Utilization of microalgae for bioremediation of wastewaters with the concomitant production of biofuels and added value bio-products is a rapidly expanding and developing area of interest reflected in the current scientific literature. Much of the early investigative attention and research approach focused upon the wastewater engineering aspects of the technology. Nevertheless, more recent interest into microalgae led to an integration of the fundamental engineering background into a much wider interdisciplinary research platform also including cell biology and phycology research protocols among others. However, the strong current interest in the wastewater and algal for biofuel research is not matched by equally sustained process modelling activities, a concern that must be addressed if sustainable production management is to be expected. Moreover, wastewater nutrient utilisation is mainly considered in treatment terms and less for optimization of algal production. To complicate the matter wastewaters are of a wide range of sources and consequently have a wide range of properties. Considering that the capability of an algal species to utilize nutrients in a certain chemical form and at certain concentrations and ratios may vary, an adequate understanding of both wastewater parameters and algal requirements, both kinetic properties, would benefit algal cultivation. However a review of the available literature shows that reporting of experimental results does not follow a standardized protocol and thus much of the information available in the peer-reviewed literature cannot be always easily explained, compared or replicated. This leads to inconsistencies in reporting of experimental results, which limits a concerted approach and thus a more rapid advancement of the technology.