Subject-Specific 3D Biomechanical and Computational Model of the Femoroacetabular Joint

超过17%的男性和4%的女性患有髋部和腹股沟疼痛，原因是股骨头上的隆起导致球和髋窝之间的撞击，这些活动需要较大的髋关节屈曲和外部旋转。这种情况被称为凸轮髋臼撞击(FAI)。症状与畸形的程度有关，在需要髋关节高活动度的活动时更早出现。越来越多的证据表明，髋骨畸形是早期成人髋关节骨关节炎(OA)发生的重要原因。虽然cam FAI的原因尚不清楚，但股骨头头颈交界处和髋窝边缘之间的高机械应力导致的骨改建改变可能是危险因素之一。这个研究项目的最终目标是了解凸轮-FAI的进展，该研究计划的主要目标将包括开发特定于对象的髋关节的3D生物力学和计算模型，以估计进行日常生活活动的参与者的个体肌肉力量、髋关节接触载荷以及骨骼和软骨的主要应力和应变分量。这两种模型都将应用于三组参与者：有症状的FAI受试者；无症状的FAI受试者；以及年龄、体重和身高匹配的对照组，在日常生活的剧烈活动中，这些对照组没有出现下肢异常。结合特定学科的肌肉解剖学、髋关节中心和特定任务的运动分析来创建肌肉-骨骼模型，使这项研究成为对生物力学领域独特的、原创的、雄心勃勃的贡献。软骨下骨硬化的假设在软骨分层过程中起着力学作用，进而导致骨性关节炎的发生。利用有限元分析的受试者特有的参数估计凸轮FAI髋关节的峰值机械应力，可以确定软骨下钢板的机械载荷对髋关节病理机制的影响。大型数据集将允许测试模型的可靠性和健壮性，这在文献中通常是缺乏的。

More than 17% of men and 4% of women suffer from hip and groin pain due to a bump at the femoral head causing impingement between the ball and hip socket for activities requiring large hip flexion and external rotation. This condition is named cam femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). Symptoms are related to the degree of deformities and occur earlier in the presence of activities requiring high range of motion of the hip joint. Increasing evidence suggests that hip bone deformity contributes to the development of early adult hip osteoarthritis (OA). Although the causes of cam FAI remains unknown, the alteration of bone remodelling due to high mechanical stresses between the head-neck junction of the femoral head and the hip socket's rim could be one of the risk factors. With the ultimate goal is to understand the progression of cam FAI, the main goal of this research program will consist of developing subject-specific, 3D biomechanical and computational models of the hip to estimate individual muscle forces, hip contact loadings, as well as principal stress and strain components of the bone and cartilage in participants performing daily living activities. Both models will be applied to three groups of participants: symptomatic FAI subjects; asymptomatic FAI subjects; and age-, weight-, and height-matched controls, where no lower limb abnormalities are present during strenuous activities of daily living. The integration of subject-specific muscle anatomy, hip joint center, and tasks-specific motion analyses for the creation of a musculo-skeletal model makes this research a unique, original, ambitious contribution to the field of biomechanics. The assumption of the stiffening of the subchondral bone plays a mechanical role towards the process of cartilage delamination and then the development of OA. The estimation of peak mechanical stresses in a hip with cam FAI using subject specific parameters for the FEM would identify the effect of mechanical loading of the subchondral plate on the pathomechanism of the hip joint. The large dataset will allow testing the reliability and robustness of the models, which is usually lacking in literature.