Development of a simplified method for hydrodynamic pressures in wall corners and roof in liquid storage tanks

液体储罐(LST)用于储存饮用水、各种工业液体，如液化天然气(LNG)、石油、石油，以及处理纸浆和纸制品废物以及其他工业废物。储存的材料也可能有毒或易燃，因此在设计过程中，保持储罐的功能并防止它们在地震发生期间和之后受到损害是很重要的。目前，北美的设计规范对这些储罐的设计多采用简化的分析方法。然而，这种方法只适用于具有特定纵横比的液舱，其中晃荡波是线性的。对于存在非线性的储罐，该方法失去了精度。在设计情况下，可靠地预测屋顶上的力和所需的干舷力对于防止油罐失效非常重要。以前的一些研究表明，由于油罐尖角处液体的晃动而产生的动水压力可能比其他位置高出三倍。这种压力可能会对储罐造成严重的损害。在目前的项目中，有顶和无顶的部分充满的储罐在地震振动台上被激励。对于有顶盖的储罐，数据是通过放置在储罐上不同位置的压力传感器获得的，并收集压力数据以找到每个传感器位置的相关压力。对于无顶油箱，晃动高度是重要的参数。模拟还以视频剪辑的形式记录下来，以供进一步研究自由面。对于模拟，使用计算流体动力学(CFD)程序OpenFOAM来产生激励。利用数值计算和试验研究的结果，建立了计算罐角附近晃动高度和顶板压力的简化程序。

Liquid Storage Tanks (LST's) are used for storage of drinking water, various industrial liquids such asLiquified Natural Gas (LNG), oil, petroleum, as well as in the treatment of pulp and paper product wastes aswell as other industrial wastes. The stored materials could also be toxic or flammable, so keeping the tanksfunctional and preventing them from damages during and after an earthquake event is important in the designprocess. Currently, simplified analytical methods are adopted by design codes in North America for the designof these tanks. However such methods are only acceptable in tanks with certain aspect ratios where sloshingwaves are linear. For tanks in which non-linearity occurs, the method loses its accuracy. In a design case,reliable prediction of the forces on the roof and required freeboard is important to prevent failure of the tanks.Some previous studies show that the hydrodynamic pressure due to the sloshing of the liquid at the sharp tankcorners can be up to three times higher compared to other locations. This pressure can cause significant damageto the tanks. In the current project, partially filled tanks with and without a roof are excited on a seismicshaking table. For tanks with a roof, the data is obtained through pressure sensors that are placed at variouslocations on the tank and collecting the pressure data to find the associated pressures at each senor location. Forroofless tanks, the sloshing height is the parameter of interest. The simulations are also recorded in the form ofvideo clips for further investigation of the free surface. For the simulations, the OpenFOAM which is aComputational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) program is used to generate excitations. The results of numerical andexperimental study are used to develop a simplified procedure to calculate the sloshing heights and roofpressures near the tank corners.