Assessment of stormwater outfall impacts on the South Saskatchewan River in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan

雨水是雨水和积雪融化，从土地上流进单独的雨水下水道(与污水分开)或联合下水道系统(可能与污水混合)。城市化降低了雨水径流的质量，增加了雨水径流的数量，对接收水产生了负面影响，同时往往使现有的市政下水道基础设施不堪重负。市政雨水管理方案包括源头控制(控制排放到下水道)、收集和输送(下水道)和管道末端(处理/未处理)。就水质而言，雨水含有高浓度的污染物，如氮、磷、有机物、细菌、病毒、金属、油类、油脂、盐类等。就数量而言，雨水管理因气候变化的影响而变得复杂，因为降雨量增加导致下水道积水，进入家庭/企业，造成交通问题和金融/保险问题。此外，暴露在这些潜在有毒水中会对人类和环境健康构成风险。总体而言，需要进行研究，以帮助改善萨斯喀彻温省和加拿大其他地区的雨水管理和处理基础设施。特别是，需要研究创造经济上可行的解决方案，以便在雨水排放到接收环境之前，至少为单独的雨水下水道提供初级处理(固体沉淀物)。萨斯喀彻温市(市)是萨斯喀彻温省最大的直辖市，拥有独立的雨水下水道，有100多个排污口，其中许多未经处理就直接流入南萨斯喀彻温河(SSR)。伦敦金融城承认，有必要更好地了解这些排污口对SSR的影响，并确定未来基础设施改善应重点关注的关键排污口。预计最终将通过的法规将产生对雨水处理的需求，因此，本研究项目的目标是确定雨水排放口对SSR的影响，并评估预期这些法规将改善城市市政雨水管理的潜力。

Stormwater is rainfall and snowmelt that runs off land into separate storm sewer (separated from sewage) orcombined sewer systems (potentially mixed with sewage). Urbanization has decreased quality and increasedquantity of stormwater runoff, negatively impacting receiving waters while often overwhelming existingmunicipal sewer infrastructure. Municipal stormwater management options include source control (controllingrelease into sewers), collection and conveyance (sewers); and end-of-pipe (treated/untreated). In terms ofquality, stormwater has high concentrations of pollutants such as nitrogen, phosphorus, organic matter,bacteria, viruses, metals, oil, grease, salts, etc. In terms of quantity, stormwater management is complicatedgiven the impacts of climate change with increased precipitation leading to sewer waters backing up ontoroadways and into homes/businesses, creating traffic problems and financial/insurance issues. As well,exposure to these potentially toxic waters poses a human and environmental health risk.Overall, research is needed to help improve the stormwater management and treatment infrastructure inSaskatchewan and the rest of Canada. Particularly, research is needed to create economically viable solutions toprovide at least primary treatment (settling of solids) for separate stormwater sewers prior to its release into thereceiving environment. The City of Sasktoon (City) is the largest municipality in Saskatchewan with separatedstormwater sewers with over 100 outfalls, many being directed without treatment to the South SaskatchewanRiver (SSR). The City acknowledges the need to better understand the impacts of these outfalls on the SSR andto identify the key outfalls to focus on for future infrastructure improvements. It is expected that regulationswill eventually be passed that will create the need for stormwater treatment, thus, this research project objectiveis to determine the impacts of stormwater outfalls on the SSR and to assess the potential for improved Citymunicipal stormwater management in anticipation of these regulations.