High Resolution 3D Hand Held Scanner

化石稀有、珍贵，而且往往非常脆弱。许多标本是独一无二的，或者具有重要的科学价值，因为它们被指定为全息模式。同源模式是物种赖以生存的独特标本。这些标本是各种国家和国际自然历史博物馆或大学博物馆藏品的一部分，不能再借来进行详细研究。这是因为这些研究机构中的大多数都出台了新的政策，以保护其研究藏品不受运输到其他机构造成的损害。拟议的RTI对于获取我们的研究小组使用的古生物标本的3D高分辨率数字图像将是无价的。研究标本广泛分布在北美、欧洲和南非，包括纽约的美国自然历史博物馆、哈佛大学的比较动物学博物馆、耶鲁大学的皮博迪博物馆、洛杉矶的洛杉矶郡博物馆、加州大学伯克利分校的自然历史博物馆和伦敦的大英自然历史博物馆等著名机构。有些标本在联合国教科文组织的世界遗产中，不能被移走。我们将能够使用拟议的3D扫描仪获取的数字图像将为我们的研究计划提供视觉、形态和形态测量数据，在地球生命历史的三个不同篇章中。视觉和形态测量数据将使我们第一次评估这些分类群在其群落中所占据的形态空间。此外，我们建议使用3D高分辨率扫描仪来收集关于单个分类群的大量数据集，这些数据集在化石记录中由分布在整个集合中的大量标本表示。古生代爬行动物Captorhinus aguti就是这样一个例子，它由数千个标本代表，包括数百个保存完好的牙列的头骨和颌骨。这些头骨的含牙区域的长度从2.5厘米到15厘米不等。我们建议收集这些牙列的详细表面解剖的有统计学意义的数据集，以研究牙齿的磨损模式。Reisz实验室对大约50个样本进行的初步调查支持了这样的假设，即这些动物更喜欢在右侧咀嚼，右侧的牙齿磨损程度比左侧更大。我们建议将这项研究扩大到数百个标本，以便出现明确的摄食行为模式，这是在古生代陆地脊椎动物中首次发现这样的证据。

Fossil are rare, valuable, and often very fragile. Many specimens are unique, or are of great scientific importance because they are designated as holotypes. Holotypes are unique specimens on which a species is based on. These specimens are part of various national and international natural history museums, or university museum collections and no longer can be borrowed for detailed studies. This is because most of these research institutions have introduced new policies for protecting their research collections from damage caused by transport to other institutions. The proposed RTI is going to be invaluable in procuring high resolution digital images in 3D of paleontological specimens used by our research groups. Research specimens are distributed widely in North America, Europe, South Africa, including such prestigious institutions as the American Museum of Natural History in New York; Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University; Peabody Museum, Yale University; LA County Museum, Los Angeles; Museum of Natural History, UC Berkeley; British Museum of Natural History, London. Some specimens are in UNESCO World Heritage Sites and cannot be removed. The digital images that we will be able to acquire using the proposed 3D Scanner are going to provide visual, morphological, and morphometric data for our research programs, in three different chapters of life history on earth. The visual and morphometric data will allow us to evaluate for the first time the morphospace that these taxa occupied in their communities. In addition, we propose to use the 3D high resolution scanner to gather large sets of data on individual taxa that are represented in the fossil record by numerous specimens distributed throughout collections. Such an example is the Palaeozoic reptile Captorhinus aguti, represented by thousands of specimens, including hundreds of skulls and jaws with well preserved dentition. The dentigerous region of these skulls range in length from about 2.5cm-15cm. We propose to gather statistically significant data sets on the detailed surface anatomy of these dentitions in order to study patterns of wear of the teeth. The initial survey by the Reisz lab of about 50 specimens supports the hypothesis that these animals preferred to chew on the right side, as evidenced by the greater degree of tooth wear on the right side of the jaw than on the left side. We proposed to expand this study to hundreds of specimens so that a clear pattern of feeding behaviour will emerge, the first such evidence in a Palaeozoic terrestrial vertebrate.