Requirements Engineering for Emerging Healthcare Software Systems

2016年，加拿大在医疗保健上花费了2280亿美元，其中70%来自政府。医疗保健管理人员正在增加其信息技术(IT)预算，以应对新法规、新的筹资模式、不断发展的技术和人口老龄化，这导致对新的或改进的医疗保健软件系统的高需求。然而，在医疗保健和其他领域，许多IT项目都失败了，往往导致大量预算浪费和许多不满意的利益相关者。定义不明确和不断变化的需求通常是失败和额外费用/延迟的主要原因。与此同时，医疗保健提供商也在考虑大数据、人工智能、决策/预测分析、移动应用、云存储/计算、区块链、5G和物联网(IoT)提供的新技术机遇。在这种情况下，迫切需要改进我们的需求工程(RE)实践、符号和工具，使其适应医疗保健的特殊性，促进它们在医疗保健组织中的采用，并贡献RE知识，以提高医疗保健软件系统开发和集成期间的成功可能性。*本研究计划旨在了解加拿大医疗保健中当前的RE实践，并确定改进的机会，重点是需求建模活动。它还旨在定制和推广新的建模实践、符号和工具，以提高医疗保健中的RE效率和有效性，并在真实环境中对它们进行评估。这些目标将通过开发、定制和评估技术来实现，例如物联网医疗系统和物联网(作为支持适应的信息源)的数据驱动需求建模、云和社交媒体上的需求挖掘、针对多种疾病患者的临床流程集成，以及社区医院的医疗系统集成。一些项目将利用用户要求记法标准和目标/过程建模和分析的相关工具的现有专门知识作为起点。与安大略省和魁北克省6家医院和诊所的从业者以及行业合作伙伴的合作将为该项目的成功做出关键贡献。*这项研究将有助于在医疗保健领域引入新的可再生能源实践，并间接提高即将到来的医疗保健软件系统项目的成功可能性、重大预算节省(为政府和行业节省数百万美元)以及提高利益相关者(包括患者、从业者、软件开发人员、经理和纳税人)的满意度。该计划将对加拿大人的生活质量和健康产生积极影响，同时培训许多学生在一个令人兴奋的多学科领域拥有非常高需求的技能。

In 2016, Canada spent $228 billion on healthcare, with 70% of that amount coming from governments. Healthcare administrators are increasing their Information Technology (IT) budgets to cope with new regulations, new funding models, evolving technologies, and aging populations, resulting in high demands for new or improved healthcare software systems. Yet, many IT projects fail, in healthcare and elsewhere, often leading to much budget waste and many dissatisfied stakeholders. Poorly-defined and changing requirements are often a major cause of failures and additional expenses/delays. Meanwhile, healthcare providers are also considering new technology opportunities offered by Big Data, artificial intelligence, decision/predictive analytics, mobile applications, cloud storage/computing, blockchains, 5G, and the Internet of Things (IoT). In this context, there is an urgent need to improve our Requirements Engineering (RE) practices, notations, and tools and adapt them to the specificities of healthcare, to promote their adoption among healthcare organizations, and to contribute RE knowledge that will improve the likelihood of success during the development and integration of healthcare software systems.******This research program aims to understand current RE practices in Canadian healthcare and determine opportunities for improvement, with a focus on requirements modelling activities. It also aims to customize and promote novel modelling practices, notations, and tools to improve RE efficiency and effectiveness in healthcare, and to evaluate them in real settings. These goals will be met through the development, customization, and evaluation of techniques such as data-driven requirements modeling for IoT healthcare systems and with IoT (as a source of information enabling adaptation), requirements mining on the cloud and social media, clinical process integration for multi-morbidity patients, and health system integration in community hospitals. Existing expertise with the User Requirements Notation standard and related tools for goal/process modelling and analysis will be used as a start point for some projects. Collaboration with practitioners from 6 hospitals and clinics located in Ontario and Québec and with industrial partners will bring key contributors to a successful program. ******This research will enable the introduction of novel RE practices in healthcare and indirectly the likelihood of success of upcoming healthcare software system projects, of major budget savings (millions of dollars for governments and industry), and of increased satisfaction of stakeholders (including patients, practitioners, software developers, managers, and taxpayers). This program will have a positive impact on the quality of life and health of Canadians, while training many students in an exciting and multi-disciplinary area with skills that are in very high demand.