Fundamental Physics with and without Colliders

为什么与自然界中的其他力相比，引力如此之弱？有没有新的额外维度？什么是暗物质，它的尺度如何与W玻色子和Z玻色子的质量尺度相关？这些问题长期以来一直是粒子理论和实验的焦点，最终形成了大型强子对撞机(LHC)。大型强子对撞机上仍然没有新的物理学，这使我们所有试图动态解决这些问题的想法都陷入了困境。*温伯格对宇宙常数的成功预测和弦景观的出现，为解决层次结构问题提供了一种不同于动力学的方法。这样的方法导致了像分裂超对称这样的理论，这些理论已经在大型强子对撞机上寻找。这将粒子物理学带到了十字路口，一边导致了超对称和复合希格斯等动力学理论，另一边则是弦景观和分裂超对称，或者只是标准模型。*我计划专注于识别大型强子对撞机第二次运行的数据中的签名，这些签名可以帮助在这种二分法之间做出决定。*粒子理论领域也试图解决跨越能量的几个数量级的问题，而不仅仅是TeV尺度。例如，像轴子、新的长程力和大的额外维度这样的粒子不能用对撞机实验直接探测。在物理学的许多其他领域都有巨大的技术进步，例如原子干涉计量学，原子可以发现自己处于相距约10厘米的量子态的叠加中，时间约为1秒。我开创了新的方法，这些技术可以用来设计实验，寻找物质和暗物质中新的相互作用。我现在正在进一步探索如何将其他物理领域的最新技术与动机良好的理论想法相结合，在比对撞机小得多但具有同样高撞击潜力的情况下探测自然。*在期待已久的粒子物理数据时代，天体物理观测和宇宙线实验(如阿尔法磁谱仪(AMS))也在继续。先进的LIGO正在投入使用，有望成为第一个探测引力波的实验。我已经证明，通过黑洞的超辐射效应，它可以诊断出康普顿波长与天体物理黑洞(BHS)波长相似的光玻色子的存在。超辐射在玻色子和BH之间形成了一个引力原子，其能级可以具有指数级的大占位数。能级之间的跃迁，以及单个能级中的玻色子湮灭，都会产生可以在LIGO探测到的单色辐射。我打算探索这个天体物理探测器的全部潜力，以及它如何探测QCD轴子，这种粒子解释了中子电偶极矩的微小，并逃避了30多年的实验。**

Why is gravity so weak compared to the other forces in nature? Are there new extra dimensions? What is Dark Matter and how can its scale be related to the W and Z boson mass scales? Such questions have long been the focus of both Particle Theory and Experiment, culminating to the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The continued absence of new physics at the LHC corners all our ideas that try to address these questions dynamically.***Weinberg's successful prediction of the Cosmological Constant and the emergence of the String Landscape suggested an approach to the hierarchy problem different than dynamics. Such approaches led to theories like Split Supersymmetry which are already being sought at the Large Hadron Collider. This brings Particle Physics to crossroads, with one side leading to dynamical theories like Supersymmetry and composite Higgs, and the other the String Landscape and Split Supersymmetry or just the Standard Model.  I plan to focus on identifying signatures in the data from second run of the LHC that can help decide between this dichotomy.*** The field of Particle Theory also tries to address questions that span several orders of magnitude in energy, not just the TeV scale. For example, particles like axions, new long-range forces, and large extra dimensions cannot be probed directly with collider experiments. There have been great advances of technology in many other fields of physics such as atom interferometry, where an atom can find itself in a superposition of quantum states that are separated by roughly 10cm for about 1 sec. I have pioneered novel ways that these technologies can be used to design experiments that look for new interactions in matter and Dark Matter. I am now further exploring how combining the latest technologies in other fields of physics with well motivated theoretical ideas to probe Nature at a size much smaller than that of a collider but with the same potential for high impact.*** The long-awaited era of data for Particle Physics also continues with astrophysical observations and cosmic ray experiments like Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS). Advanced LIGO is being commissioned and promises to be the first experiment to detect gravitational waves. I have showed that through the effect of Black Hole Superradiance it can diagnose the presence of light bosons whose Compton wavelength is similar to that of astrophysical black holes (BHs). Super-radiance forms a gravitational atom between the boson and the BH, whose levels can have exponentially large occupation numbers. Transitions between the levels, as well as boson annihilations in a single level produces monochromatic radiation that can be detected at LIGO. I intend to explore the full potential of this astrophysical probe and how it can probe the QCD axion, the particle that explains the smallness of the electric dipole moment of the neutron and eludes experiments for more than thirty years.**