Evolving Energy Systems Through Innovations in Energy Storage

能源系统正在演变。随着电网架构的变化和间歇式可再生发电机普及率的持续增长，能源系统的灵活性变得越来越重要。存储已被确定为这种灵活性的关键组成部分，因为它从技术和市场两个角度帮助协调供需之间的失衡。ES的好处可以包括改善可再生能源整合的条件，减少化石燃料发电厂，改善电力质量和可靠性，推迟系统升级成本，以及改善电力机动性。对于所有这些好处，新的ES技术的成功商业化可能是困难的。许多ES技术的广泛商业实现面临着一些挑战。首先是对存储可以为利益相关者提供的所有有益服务进行适当的估值。这不仅取决于服务的市场，还取决于存储资产提供这些服务的能力。因此，储能价值主张的准确性不仅受特定市场知识的影响，还受资产表现真实细节的影响。*申请人将通过开发更具代表性的、连接在水压空气储能设施下的电网的暂态运行模型，利用最先进的经济设计优化工具。该设施将发展成为一个全尺寸的能量储存野外实验室(ESFL)。将利用ESFL的实地作业数据开发和验证改进的使用经济工具。然后，申请者将应用增强的技术来发展一系列不太成熟的基于流体的储能概念。其中包括抽水蓄能的创新内陆和离岸变体，以及混合能源存储解决方案，该解决方案结合互补的ES技术来定制性能。申请者还将研究一种新的能源储存技术，它将发电和储存结合在一起，在转化为电力之前，能量直接以一种方便的形式储存。因此，可以减少与多次能源转换相关的损失和额外设备的成本。*该提案的总体目标是通过能源储存技术的创新来发展能源系统。要做到这一点，需要在技术效率、灵活性和成本方面进行有意义的改进。将开发计划中的高级节能方法和储能现场实验室，以确定系统的优势和劣势，以便通过创新设计对其进行智能优化。这些工具的战略应用应该改进设计，并将增加最佳解决方案的商业化潜力；发展能源系统，以改善所有利益攸关方。**

Energy systems are evolving. Energy system flexibility is becoming increasingly important as grid architectures change and the penetration of intermittent renewable generators continue to grow. Storage has been identified as a critical component of such flexibility by helping to reconcile imbalances between supply and demand from both technical and market perspectives. Benefits of ES can include improved conditions for renewables integration, a reduction of fossil fuel peaker plants, improved power quality and reliability, deferral of system upgrade costs, and improved power maneuverability. For all of these benefits, successful commercialization of new ES technologies can be difficult. A few challenges face the broad commercial realization of many ES technologies. The first is a proper valuation of all the beneficial services storage can provide to stakeholders. This depends on the market for the services, but also, the ability of the storage asset to provide those services. Thus accuracy of storage value propositions is affected by specific market knowledge, but also the true details of asset performance.*** The applicant will advance state of the art exergoeconomic design optimization tools through the development of a more representative, transient operation model of a grid connected under water compressed air energy storage facility. The facility will be developed into a full scale Energy Storage Field Laboratory (ESFL). The improved exergoeconomic tools will be developed and validated with field operational data from the ESFL. The applicant will then apply the enhanced techniques to evolve a selection of less mature fluids based energy storage concepts. These include innovative inland and offshore variations of pumped hydro storage, and hybrid energy storage solutions that combine complementary ES technologies to custom tailor performance. The applicant will also investigate a new class of energy storage technology that blends generation and storage where energy is stored directly in a convenient form before converting to electricity. Subsequently, the cost of losses and extra equipment associated with multiple energy conversions can be mitigated.*** The overarching objective of the proposal is to evolve energy systems through innovations in energy storage technologies. To do this will require meaningful improvements in technology efficiency, flexibility, and cost. The planned advanced exergoeconomic approach and Energy Storage Field Laboratory will be developed to identify system strengths and weaknesses so they may be intelligently optimized by innovative design. The strategic application of these tools should improve designs, and will increase commercialization potential for the best solutions; evolving energy systems for the betterment of all stakeholders.**