NSERC/Hydro-Québec/Thales Industrial Research Chair in Smart Grid Security: Detection, Prevention, Mitigation and Recovery from Cyber-Physical Attacks

目前的电网被认为是二十世纪最好的工程成就之一。它**旨在为各种消费领域提供动力。在很大程度上，它成功地**实现了这一目标。尽管如此，电网在过去几年里经历了几次停电。特别值得一提的是，在过去的四十年里发生了五次大停电，其中三次发生在过去的九年里。通过增加可再生能源的利用来确保电力安全、实现能源效率并为环境保护做出贡献的愿望，正在推动部署**智能电网的需求。据预测，这些智能电网将允许双向电力流动以及**管理发电和不断增长的能源需求的新方法。智能电网**的成功部署取决于保证其安全性的能力。这一要求至关重要，因为**电网对关键基础设施的几个组成部分至关重要。最近的网络安全事件**和安全研究表明，电网可能会受到扰乱攻击，**可能导致严重的安全和经济后果，甚至危及和损失人类**生命。此外，信息和通信技术的日益融合肯定会增加网络攻击的表面。利用这些漏洞可能会导致攻击，例如，扭曲状态**信息，改变在输电线路上定位事件或故障的能力，将电网置于更大风险的运行点**。这将导致**经济损失、连锁故障造成的系统损失、大停电等不良和严重的后果。本**研究的主要目的是探索智能电网域、组件、设备和协议的安全性，以：(1)得出**安全需求；(2)识别攻击面及其潜在的漏洞、威胁和**其网络物理后果；(3)提出实用有效的检测、预防、缓解和**恢复技术和方法，肯定会加强和增强智能电网的整体安全。

The current electric grid is considered as one of the best engineering achievements of the twentieth century. It**was designed to deliver power to various consumer domains. To a large extent, it has been successful in**fulfilling this objective. Nevertheless, the electric grid has experienced several blackouts over the past years. In**particular, there have been five major blackouts over the past forty years, three of which have occurred in the**past nine years alone. The aspiration to secure power, to achieve energy efficiency and to contribute to**environment protection through the increasing utilization of renewable energies are driving the need to deploy**smart grids. It is predicated that these smart grids will allow for bidirectional power flow as well as new ways**to manage both power generation and the increasing energy demand. The successful deployment of smart grids**is predicated on the ability to guarantee their security. Such a requirement is of paramount importance since**electrical grids are essential to several components of the critical infrastructure. Recent cyber security incidents**and security research studies demonstrate that electrical grids could be subjected to disrupting attacks that**might lead to severe security and economic consequences, and even to the endangerment and loss of human**lives. Furthermore, the increasing integration of ICT technologies will definitely augment cyber attack**surfaces. The exploitation of these vulnerabilities might lead to attacks that will, for instance, skew the state**information, alter the abilities to locate events or faults on transmission lines, place the grid at operating points**that are at greater risk from contingencies. This will lead to undesirable and severe consequences such as**financial losses, systemic losses from cascading failures, major blackouts, etc. The primary intent of this**research is to explore the security of smart grid domains, components, devices and protocols to: (1) elicit the**security requirements; (2) identify the attack surfaces together with the underlying vulnerabilities, threats and**their cyber physical consequences; (3) propose practical and efficient detection, prevention, mitigation and**recovery techniques and methodologies that will definitely harden and enhance the overall smart grid security.