Real-Time Digital Simulation and Control of Multi-Terminal Direct Current Grids

实时数字仿真模拟物理系统，再现系统在实验室受控条件下的模拟应力下的真实行为。在电网的背景下，实时数字仿真的应用已经从最初的控制和保护系统调试前的测试功能（30多年前）发展到包括发电、输电、配电和最终使用电能部门的所有研究方式。高压直流（HVDC）技术是在异步交流（AC）电网之间将大量电力从大型传统发电厂传输到远距离负荷中心的管道，也是目前大量远程可再生能源发电进入交流电网的关键推动因素。电力电子拓扑结构、控制和保护方案的进步将引领全球多端直流电网的未来发展。***本研究计划的重点是MTDC电网安全可靠运行的高保真实时数字模型和控制算法的基本概念和发展。基于非线性系统辨识理论，提出了一种新的MTDC电网组件的器件级电磁暂态模型。这些所谓的Wiener-Hammerstein模型将是准确、高效和模块化的，可以作为构建MTDC网格分层大规模实时仿真的构建模块，在现场可编程门阵列（FPGA）和片上系统（SoC）架构的硬件在环（HIL）配置中进行构建。新的实时参数估计、自适应控制算法和保护策略将与正常和异常直流电网条件下的命令输入精确跟踪和快速故障隔离一起开发。***本研究将通过提供前所未有的建模细节和仿真精度，显著推进MTDC网格系统实时HIL仿真的发展。精确的并行模型和计算算法将有助于降低复杂MTDC电网的开发和测试成本，允许他们在早期阶段进行分析和优化。高保真HIL仿真可以在快速测试新型控制策略、电源转换器拓扑、断路器配置、保护策略以及整个系统的效率和性能优化方面提供显著的好处。本研究项目将培养3名博士生和3名硕士生，并为本科生提供充足的研究实习机会。研究结果将在主要期刊和会议上发表。这项研究的主要受益者将是加拿大实时数字模拟器的制造商和加拿大电力公用事业公司。**

Real-time digital simulation mimics a physical system to reproduce the system's true behavior under simulated stresses applied under controlled conditions in a laboratory. In the context of electrical power grids, the applications of real-time digital simulation has grown from its initial function of testing prior to commissioning of control and protection systems (over 30 years ago) to encompass all manner of studies in the generation, transmission, distribution, and end use sectors of electrical energy. High voltage direct current (HVDC) technology is the conduit for bulk power transfer from large conventional generation to distant load centers, between interconnected asynchronous alternating current (AC) grids, and today it is also the key enabler for the massive influx of far-flung renewable generation into AC grids. Advances in power electronic topologies, control and protection schemes are leading the future growth of multi-terminal direct current (MTDC) grids worldwide.***This research program focuses on the fundamental conception and development of high-fidelity real-time digital models and control algorithms for the safe and reliable operation of MTDC grids. A new class of device-level electromagnetic transient models will be developed for MTDC grid components based on nonlinear system identification theory. These so-called Wiener-Hammerstein models will be accurate, efficient, and modular serving as building blocks for the construction of hierarchical large-scale real-time simulation of MTDC grids in the hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) configuration on field programmable gate array (FPGA) and System-on-Chip (SoC) architectures. Novel real-time parameter estimation, adaptive control algorithms, and protection strategies will be developed alongside for precise tracking of command inputs under both normal and abnormal DC grid conditions and fast fault isolation. ***This research will significantly advance the state-of-the-art in real-time HIL simulation for MTDC grid systems by providing unprecedented modeling detail and simulation accuracy. The accurate parallel models and computational algorithms will help reduce the development and testing costs for complex MTDC grids by allowing their analysis and optimization at early stages. A high-fidelity HIL simulation can offer significant benefits in terms of rapidly testing novel control strategies, power converter topologies, circuit breaker configurations, protection strategies for efficiency and performance optimization of the whole system. This research program will train 3 Ph.D. and 3 M.Sc. students, and there will also be ample opportunities for undergraduate research interns. The research results will be disseminated in leading journals and conferences. The main beneficiaries of this research will be manufacturers of real-time digital simulators in Canada, and Canadian electrical power utilities. **