Sustainable Transportation Planning

公路运输经济已被确定为主要原因的温室气体(GHG)排放的崛起。一方面，这是由于道路上的车辆流量不断增加。另一方面，绝大多数车辆仍然由传统的化石燃料驱动。在过去的几年里，各国政府签署了许多国际协议，承诺减少温室气体排放的趋势。结果,采取了一些策略在地方和国家的水平,包括改善公共交通系统的性能,促进替代流动性和货运分布模式,并采用非化石燃料的车辆。******本研究计划主要围绕两个主题展开。第一个有助于改善公共交通系统，重点是规划一种称为半灵活交通系统（STS）的新交通模式。运输服务系统的目标是在定期运输的框架内提供响应需求的服务。综合了传统系统和按需系统的特点，技术支助系统需要极其复杂的规划活动。然而，目前的方法存在相当大的差距，妨碍了这些系统的普遍成功实施。本提案的第一个目标是通过改进STS规划方法来缩小这一差距，以应对实际规模的应用、数据不确定性和更合适的操作策略。******第二个主题考虑了运营由替代燃料驱动的车辆的挑战，并重点关注电池装备车辆（bev）的路线问题。成为目前由纯电动车辆动力引擎和电池。目前，它们存在两个主要缺点：1)电池允许有限的行驶里程，2)充电基础设施稀疏且分布不均匀。该提案的第二个目标是构建工具，以有效地安排车辆路线上的电池充电操作，从而减少纯电动汽车有限行驶里程的影响。特别是，将解决一些现实生活中的情况，例如充电设施的有限容量，充电速度和价格的现有差异，以及新的有前途的技术，如感应充电。******该研究项目预计将刺激和促进公路运输经济向新模式和新技术的过渡，预计将为减少温室气体排放做出重大贡献

The road-transportation economy has been identified as a major cause of the rise of Green-House Gas (GHG) emissions. On the one hand, this is due to the fact that vehicle traffic on roads is constantly increasing. On the other, the large majority of vehicles are still powered by traditional fossil fuels. In the last years, many international agreements have been signed, committing governments to decrease GHG emission trends. As a result, several strategies have been adopted at local and national levels, including improvements in the performance of public transit, the promotion of alternative mobility and freight distribution paradigms, and the adoption of non-fossil fueled vehicles.******This research program is axed on two main themes. The first contributes to improving the public transit system by focusing on the planning of a new transit paradigm called Semi-flexible Transit System (STS). STSs aim to provide demand-responsive service within the framework of regularly-scheduled transit. Combining characteristics of traditional and on-demand systems, STSs require an extremely complex planning activity. There is a considerable gap, however, in the current methodology, preventing generalized successful implementations of such systems. The first objective of this proposal is to close such a gap by improving STS planning methods to cope with real-size applications, data uncertainty, and more suitable operational policies.******The second theme considers the challenges of operating vehicles powered by alternative fuels, and focuses on routing problems for Battery Equipped Vehicles (BEVs). BEVs are vehicles powered by a pure electric engine and a battery. At the moment, they present two main drawbacks: 1) the battery allows a limited driving range and 2) the recharging infrastructure is sparse and unevenly distributed. The second objective of this proposal is to build tools to efficiently schedule battery--recharging operations along vehicle routes, thus reducing the impact of BEVs limited driving range. In particular, several real-life situations will be addressed, such as the limited capacity of the recharging facilities, the existing differences in recharging speed and prices, as well as new promising technologies, such as Inductive Charging.******This research program is expected to stimulate and facilitate the transition of the road-transportation economy towards new paradigms and technologies, with the anticipation of significantly contributing to the reduction of GHG emissions.**